PUBLIC RELEASE DATE:  
    2-Sep-2014  
    Contact: John P. Wikswo    john.wikswo@vanderbilt.edu    615-343-4124    Society for Experimental Biology and    Medicine
    The Annual Thematic issue of Experimental Biology and    Medicine that appears in September 2014 is devoted to "The    biology and medicine of microphysiological systems" and    describes the work of scientists participating in the    Microphysiological Systems Program directed by the National    Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) of the    National Institutes of Health (NIH) and funded in part by the    NIH Common Fund. The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency    (DARPA) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) are    collaborating with the NIH in the program. Fourteen of the    research teams supported by the program have contributed papers    and represent more than 20 institutions, including Baylor    College of Medicine, Columbia University, Cornell University,    Duke University, Johns Hopkins University, Massachusetts    General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, the Massachusetts    Institute of Technology, Northwestern University, Nortis, Inc.,    the University of California, Irvine, the University of Central    Florida, the University of Pennsylvania, the University of    Pittsburgh, the University of Texas Medical Branch, and    Vanderbilt University.  
    Dr. John P. Wikswo, founding Director of the Vanderbilt    Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education and    Editor of the Thematic Issue, explains in his introductory    review that microphysiological systems (MPS)  often called    "organs-on-chips"  are interacting sets of constructs of human    cells. Each construct is designed to recapitulate the structure    and function of a human organ or organ region, and when    connected in an MPS, they may provide in vitro models with    great physiological accuracy for studying cell-cell, drug-cell,    drug-drug, and organ-drug interactions. The papers in the    Thematic Issue describe the ongoing development of MPS as in    vitro models for bone and cartilage, brain, gastrointestinal    tract, lung, liver, microvasculature, reproductive tract,    skeletal muscle, and skin, as well as the interconnection of    organs-on-chips to support physiologically based    pharmacokinetics and drug discovery and screening, and the    microscale technologies that regulate stem cell    differentiation. Wikswo notes that the initial motivation for    creating MPS was to increase the efficiency and human relevance    of pharmaceutical development and testing. Obvious applications    of the technology include studies of the effect of    environmental toxins on humans, identification,    characterization, and neutralization of chemical and biological    weapons, controlled studies of the microbiome and infectious    disease that cannot be conducted in humans, controlled    differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells into specific    adult cellular phenotypes, and studies of the dynamics of    metabolism and signaling within and between human organs.  
    In his commentary for the Thematic Issue, Dr. William Slikker    Jr., Director of the FDA's National Center for Toxicological    Research, writes "The goal [is] to accomplish this    human-on-a-chip capability in a decade  a feat somewhat    equivalent to the moon shot of the 1960s  and, like landing    man on the moon, simulating a human being from a    physiological/toxicological perspective may indeed be possible.    But even if ultimately it is not, a great deal of fundamental    biology and physiology will be elucidated along the way, much    to the benefit of our understanding of human health and disease    processes."  
    Dr. D. Lansing Taylor, Director of the University of Pittsburgh    Drug Discovery Institute, says "The Thematic Issue brings    together the leaders of the field of Human-on-a-Chip to discuss    the early successes, great potential and continuing challenges    of this emerging field. For complete success, we must integrate    advances in multiple technical areas, including microfluidics,    stem cell biology, 3D microstructures/matrices, multi-cell    engineering, universal blood substitutes, and a variety of    biological detection technologies, database tools, and    computational modeling for both single and a combination of    organ systems. Success will be transformative for basic    biology, physiology, pharmacology, toxicology and medicine, as    well as the new field of quantitative systems pharmacology,    where iterative experimentation and computational modeling of    disease models and pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics are    central. The focus is to create physiologically relevant,    robust, reproducible and cost-effective tools for the    scientific community."  
    Dr. Danilo A. Tagle, NIH NCATS Associate Director for Special    Initiatives, adds "This special issue highlights the exciting    and rapid progress towards development of MPS for drug safety    and efficacy testing. Much progress has been achieved in the    two years of the program, and these articles describe the    efforts by an outstanding group of investigators towards    realizing the goal of fully integrated 10 organ systems. There    are tremendous scientific opportunities and discoveries that    could be had in the future utility of these tissues/organs on    chips."  
    Dr. Steven R. Goodman, Editor-in-Chief of Experimental    Biology and Medicine, agrees. "We are proud to publish    this Thematic Issue dedicated to "The biology and medicine of    microphysiological systems." Dr. John Wikswo is to be    congratulated for assembling an exceptional group of    researchers who are leaders in the field of MPS and the many    uses of this exciting technology. MPS has the potential to    revolutionize experimental biology and medicine. Because of the    great importance and promise of organs-on-chips and MPS    technology, it has now become a major area of emphasis for the    Systems Biology category of Experimental Biology and    Medicine."  
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See original here:
Microphysiological systems will revolutionize experimental biology and medicine