Category Archives: Stem Cells

When blood vessels that feed the heart become blocked, damage to the heart muscle can occur and this can affect cardiac function. By stimulating the formation of new blood vessels, a new stem-cell-carrying gel helps mice overcome this condition called myocardial Infarction. The stem cell delivery system was developed by scientists from Kansai University, Japan. It is published in Science and Technology of Advanced Materials.

The hydrogel acts like a scaffold to hold the stem cells in place at injection site and keep them alive longer. The stem cells release cytokines, which stimulate the formation blood vessels and help the heart to recover. The gel is biodegradable so that it eventually dissolves and can be discarded by the body. Image credit: Kansai University

In their application, the team used stem cells from fat tissue. These stem cells, also known as adipose derived stem cells, have been used in the treatment of damaged cardiac tissue due to reduced blood flow. This is called myocardial Ischemia. Once injected into damaged tissue, the stem cells are supposed to release stimulants that can help regenerate blood vessels. However, they are not able to be retained in the tissue or survive long enough. Scientists have also found that injecting biodegradable hydrogels, which are cell-free, into damaged heart tissue can help partial recovery.

They first created hydrogels that could hold stem cells in place longer at the site where there is tissue damage. They are best used at room temperature. This allows you to easily mix the stem cells. The solution reacts with the body to heat and transforms into a gel when it is injected into the organ.

One hydrogel was particularly good at keeping its gel state. It was made from a mixture of molecules called tri-PCG with acrolyl group attached. The tri-PCG-acryl mixture was then combined with a polythiol derivative.

The team also added stem cells from adipose tissue to the hydrogel. They then observed how long they lived in petri dishes as well as the production of different genes and substances.

The stem cells were able to survive in our injectable hydrogel and released molecules that stimulate blood vessel formation, improving heart function and making it effective for treatment of ischemic heart.

Yuichi Ohya, Bioengineer, Kansai University

After confirming safety, the team plans to next test the therapy on larger animals and then conduct clinical trials in humans. They plan to use their injectable hydrogel for immune cells to treat cancer and in vaccines against viral infections.

Source:

Journal reference:

Yoshizaki, Y.,et al.(2021) Cellular therapy for myocardial ischemia using a temperature-responsive biodegradable injectable polymer system with adipose-derived stem cells.Science and Technology of Advanced Materials.doi.org/10.1080/14686996.2021.1938212.

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New Stem cell conveying hydrogel could assist the heart with recuperating myocardial ischemia - Microbioz India

In a pioneering off-the-shelf drug treatment in place of a surgical procedure, Maruti Hospital on Tuesday inaugurated its Regenerative Medicine Department by administering stem cell therapy for a diabetic patient who lost four toes on both feet.

Developed by pharma major, Cipla, in collaboration with Bengaluru-based, Stempeutics Research, over 14 years, it is available (on order) in vials of 150 million and 200 million cells harvested from healthy individuals and costs between 1.5 to 2 lakh.

Diabetic foot ulcers/critical limb ischemia prevents the leg and feet from receiving adequate oxygen and nutrients needed for proper function. The stell cells are injected into the affected leg to promote new blood vessels growth called angiogenesis. It helps avoid amputation if given before gangrene sets in.

Stem cell treatment will help to improve blood circulation in the feet of the patient. The new method allows patients from any place to access this treatment in a ready-to-use procedure. We hope to use customised variations of this therapy for people with other medical ailments in the future, and reduce the dependence on transplants, said V. R. Ravi, orthopaedic surgeon, Maruti Hospital, said addressing the media.

The drug was produced in a carefully monitored processes, with mesenchymal stromal cell derived from the bone marrow of healthy donors in the age group of 20-25 years. It was transported from Bengaluru to Tiruchi by car with liquid nitrogen packs to keep the drug chilled. It was brought to room temperature within four hours and used on the patient.

B.N.Manohar, Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer, Stempeutics, was also present.

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Diabetic patient receives stem cell therapy - The Hindu

The market study on the global Animal Stem Cell Therapy market will encompass the entire ecosystem of the industry, covering major regions namely North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, South America, Middle East & Africa, and the major countries falling under those regions.

This report includes the estimation of market size for value (million USD) and volume (K Units). Both top-down and bottom-up approaches have been used to estimate and validate the market size of Global Animal Stem Cell Therapy market, to estimate the size of various other dependent submarkets in the overall market. Key players in the market have been identified through secondary research, and their market shares have been determined through primary and secondary research. All percentage shares, splits, and breakdowns have been determined using secondary sources and verified primary sources.

The market study covers the Animal Stem Cell Therapy market size across different segments. It aims at estimating the market size and the growth potential across different segments, including application, type, organization size, vertical, and region. The study further includes an in-depth competitive analysis of the leading market players, along with their company profiles, key observations related to product and business offerings, recent developments, and market strategies.

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Leading players of the Animal Stem Cell Therapy Market covered in this report are Medivet Biologics LLC, VETSTEM BIOPHARMA, J-ARM, U.S. Stem Cell, Inc, VetCell Therapeutics, Celavet Inc., Magellan Stem Cells, Kintaro Cells Power, Animal Stem Care, Animal Cell Therapies, Cell Therapy Sciences, Animacel,

The report is segmented based on product type are Dogs, Horses, Others, etc.

Major applications of the Animal Stem Cell Therapy market is segmented as Veterinary Hospitals, Research Organizations, etc.

Animal Stem Cell Therapy Market Regional Segment Analysis includes Regional Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate 2016-2026. Countries covered in this report are United States, Canada, Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, Columbia, Chile, Peru, Germany, UK, France, Italy, Russia, Spain, Netherlands, Turkey, Switzerland, GCC, North Africa, South Africa, China, Southeast Asia, India, Japan, Korea, Western Asia.

An Overview of the Impact of COVID-19 on this Market:

Effect of COVID-19: Animal Stem Cell Therapy Market report investigate the effect of Coronavirus (COVID-19) on the Animal Stem Cell Therapy industry. Since December 2019, the COVID-19 infection spread to practically 180+ nations around the world with the World Health Organization pronouncing it a general wellbeing crisis. The worldwide effects of the Covid infection 2020 (COVID-19) are now beginning to be felt, and will essentially influence the Animal Stem Cell Therapy market in 2020 and 2021.

Notwithstanding, this also will pass. Rising help from governments and a few organizations can help in the battle against this exceptionally infectious illness. There are a few ventures that are battling and some are flourishing. Generally speaking, pretty much every area is expected to be affected by the pandemic.

We are taking persistent endeavours to assist your business with maintaining and develop during COVID-19 pandemics. In view of our experience and aptitude, we will offer you an effective examination of Covid flare-up across enterprises to assist you with setting up whats to come.

Cautious assessment of the components molding the Animal Stem Cell Therapy market size, share, and the development direction of the market;

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This study will address some of the most critical questions which are listed below:

Major Points from the Table of Contents

1 Animal Stem Cell Therapy Market Overview

2 Global Animal Stem Cell Therapy Market Competition by Manufacturers

3 Global Animal Stem Cell Therapy Capacity, Production, Revenue (Value) by Region)

4 Global Animal Stem Cell Therapy Supply (Production), Consumption, Export, Import by Region

5 Global Animal Stem Cell Therapy Production, Revenue (Value), Price Trend by Type

6 Global Animal Stem Cell Therapy Market Analysis by Application

7 Global Animal Stem Cell Therapy Manufacturers Profiles/Analysis

8 Animal Stem Cell Therapy Manufacturing Cost Analysis

9 Industrial Chain, Sourcing Strategy and Downstream Buyers

10 Marketing Strategy Analysis, Distributors/Traders

11 Market Effect Factors Analysis

12 Global Animal Stem Cell Therapy Market Forecast

13 Research Findings and Conclusion

14 Appendix

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Animal Stem Cell Therapy Market Technological Growth 2021-2026 with Types, Applications and Top Companies - The Market Writeuo - The Market Writeuo

The Stem Cell Therapy Market report provides a quick description about market status, size, companies share, growth, opportunities and upcoming trends. This report includes the corporate profile, values that the challenges and drivers & restraints that have a serious impact on the industry analysis. The information within the report that help form the longer term projections during the forecast year. The up so far analysis to assists in understanding of the changing competitive analysis. Additionally, the market strategies including moderate growth during the years.

The research on Stem Cell Therapy market scenario which will affect the overview the forecast period, including as opportunities, prime challenges, and current/future trends. To supply an in-depth analysis of all Stem Cell Therapy regions included within the report into sections to supply a comprehensive competitive analysis.

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Some of the leading manufacturers and suppliers of the Stem Cell Therapy market are Magellan, Medipost Co., Ltd, Osiris Therapeutics, Inc., Kolon TissueGene, Inc., JCR Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Anterogen Co. Ltd., Pharmicell Co., Inc., and Stemedica Cell Technologies, Inc.

Stem cells are divided into two major classes; pluripotent and multipotent. Pluripotent stem cells are replicating cells, which are derived from the embryo or fetal tissues. The pluripotent stem cells facilitate the development of cells and tissues in three primary germ layers such as mesoderm, ectoderm, and endoderm.

Market Dynamics

Increasing expansion of facilities by market players for stem cell therapies is expected to propel growth of the stem cell therapy market over the forecast period. For instance, in January 2018, the University of Florida, U.S. launched the Center for Regenerative Medicine that is focused on development of stem cell therapies for the treatment of damaged tissue and organ. The Centre for Regenerative Medicines is divided into two segments such as focus groups and shared services. Focus groups such as research and development activities for stem cell therapies; and the shared services segment offers technical resources related to stem cell therapies.

Furthermore, rising collaboration activities by key players are expected to drive growth of the global stem cell therapy market. For instance, in May 2018, Procella Therapeutics and Smartwise, a medtech company entered into a collaboration with AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals. Under this collaboration, AstraZeneca utilized Procella Therapeutics stem cell technology for the development of stem cell therapies in cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, in April, 2019, CelluGen Biotech and FamiCord Group collaborated to develop new stem cell-based drugs and advanced medical therapies (ATMP)

What Stem Cell Therapy Market Research Report Covers?

This report covers definition, development, market status, geographical analysis of Stem Cell Therapy market.

Competitor analysis including all the key parameters of Stem Cell Therapy market

Market estimates for at least 7 years

Market Trends (Drivers, Constraints, Opportunities, Threats, Challenges, Investment Opportunities, and proposals)

Strategic proposals in key business portions dependent available estimations

Company profiling with point by point systems, financials, and ongoing improvements

Mapping of the most recent innovative headways and Supply chain patterns

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Increasing application of stem cells for the treatment of patients with blood-related cancers, spinal cord injury and other diseases are the leading factors that are expected to drive growth of stem cell therapy market over the forecast period. According to the National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Center, 2016, the annual incidence of spinal cord injury (SCI) is approximately 54 cases per million population in the U.S. or approximately 17,000 new SCI cases each year.

Moreover, according to the Leukemia and Lymphoma Society, 2017, around 172,910 people in the U.S. were diagnosed with leukemia, lymphoma or myeloma in 2017, thus leading to increasing adoption of stem cells for its efficient treatment. Increasing product launches by key players such as medium for developing embryonic stem cells is expected to propel the market growth over the forecast period.

For instance, in January 2019, STEMCELL Technologies launched mTeSR Plus, a feeder-free human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) maintenance medium for avoiding conditions associated with DNA damage, genomic instability, and growth arrest in hPSCs. With the launch of mTeSR, the company has expanded its portfolio of mediums for maintenance of human embryonic stem (ES) cells and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. Increasing research and development of induced pluripotent stem cells coupled with clinical trials is expected to boost growth of the stem cell therapy market over the forecast period.

For instance, in April 2019, Fate Therapeutics in collaboration with UC San Diego researchers launched Off-the-shelf immunotherapy (FT500) developed from human induced pluripotent stem cells. The therapy is currently undergoing clinical trials for the treatment of advanced solid tumors.

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Main points in Stem Cell Therapy Market Report Table of Content

Chapter 1 Industry Overview

1.1 Definition

1.2 Assumptions

1.3 Research Scope

1.4 Market Analysis by Regions

1.5 Global Stem Cell Therapy Market Size Analysis from 2021 to 2027

11.6 COVID-19 Outbreak: Stem Cell Therapy Industry Impact

Chapter 2 Global Stem Cell Therapy Competition by Types, Applications, and Top Regions and Countries

2.1 Global Stem Cell Therapy (Volume and Value) by Type

2.3 Global Stem Cell Therapy (Volume and Value) by Regions

Chapter 3 Production Market Analysis

3.1 Global Production Market Analysis

3.2 Regional Production Market Analysis

Chapter 4 Global Stem Cell Therapy Sales, Consumption, Export, Import by Regions (2016-2021)

Chapter 5 North America Stem Cell Therapy Market Analysis

Chapter 6 East Asia Stem Cell Therapy Market Analysis

Chapter 7 Europe Stem Cell Therapy Market Analysis

Chapter 8 South Asia Stem Cell Therapy Market Analysis

Chapter 9 Southeast Asia Stem Cell Therapy Market Analysis

Chapter 10 Middle East Stem Cell Therapy Market Analysis

Chapter 11 Africa Stem Cell Therapy Market Analysis

Chapter 12 Oceania Stem Cell Therapy Market Analysis

Chapter 13 South America Stem Cell Therapy Market Analysis

Chapter 14 Company Profiles and Key Figures in Stem Cell Therapy Business

Chapter 15 Global Stem Cell Therapy Market Forecast (2021-2027)

Chapter 16 Conclusions

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Stem Cell Therapy Market worth $40.3 billion by 2027 Exclusive Report by CoherentMarketInsights - PharmiWeb.com

When an injury occurs, damaged cells need to be replaced. Stem cells, known as the go-to cells when new specialized cells need to be produced, are rare in adult tissues, so the job often falls to differentiated, or mature, cells.

Dr. Jason Mills and his lab have been working on identifying the genes driving mature cells to return to a regenerative state, a process called paligenosis.

My lab has been promoting the idea that given that cells in all organs use similar functions like mitosis and apoptosis, theres likely to be a conserved genetic program for how mature cells become regenerative cells, said Mills, senior author of the study and professor of medicine gastroenterology,pathology and immunologyandmolecular and cellular biologyat Baylor. The research was conducted while his lab was atWashington University School of Medicine in St. Louis.

To begin paligenosis and reenter the cell cycle, mature cells must first go through the process of autodegredation, breaking down larger structures used in specialized cell function. Mills and his team, led by first author Dr. Megan Radyk, a postdoctoral associate at the Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis at the time of research, found that the genes Atf3 and Rab7b are upregulated in gastric and pancreatic digestive-enzyme-secreting cells of mice during autodegredation, and return to normal expression before mitosis.

The researchers showed that Atf3 activates Rab7b, which directs lysosomes to begin dismantling cell parts not needed for regeneration. But when Atf3 was not present, Rab7b did not trigger autodegredation.

The team also found Atf3 and Rab7b expression were consistent in paligenosis across other organs and organisms. Similar gene expression also appeared in precancerous gastric lesions in humans. According to Mills, the discoveries in this research are foundational to understanding how repetitive injury and paligenosis may impact cancer.

The more tissue damage you have, the more youre calling mature cells back into regeneration duty, said Mills, co-director of theTexas Medical Center Digestive Disease Center. Theres emerging evidence that, when these cells go through paligenosis, they dont check for DNA damage well. The cells are storing DNA mutations when they return to their differentiated function. Over time, they become so damaged that they cant go back to normal function and instead keep replicating.

Its our belief that paligenosis is at the heart of cancer development.

This research also provides groundwork for potential therapeutic targets. Existing drugs like hydroxychloroquine can be used to inhibit autodegredation, therefore stopping paligenosis.

According to Mills, further study is required to determine whether drugs targeting autodegredation can be used in conjunction with cancer treatments to stop cells from replicating.

The complete study is published in EMBO Reports.

For a full list of authors, their contributions to this work and sources of support, see the publication.

By Molly Chiu

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Atf3 and Rab7b genes drive regeneration in mature cells - Baylor College of Medicine News

A new market study is released on Synthetic Stem Cells Market with data Tables for historical and forecast years represented with Chats & Graphs spread through Pages with easy to understand detailed analysis. Research report performs the methodical and comprehensive market research study that puts forth the facts and figures linked with any subject about industry. It all-inclusively estimates general market conditions, the growth prospects in the market, possible restrictions, significant industry trends, market size, market share, sales volume and future trends. A team of skilled analysts, statisticians, research experts, enthusiastic forecasters, and economists work painstakingly to structure such a great market report for the businesses seeking a potential growth. A worldwide analysis report is generated with the best and advanced tools of collecting, recording, estimating, and analyzing market data.

Major insights of the realistic Synthetic Stem Cells Market report are complete and distinct analysis of the market drivers and restraints, major market players involved like industry, detailed analysis of the market segmentation and competitive analysis of the key players involved. Market segmentation categorizes the market depending upon application, vertical, deployment model, end-user, and geography etc. This global market document also presents an idea about consumers demands, preferences, and their altering likings about particular product. Furthermore, big sample sizes have been utilized for the data collection in the winning Synthetic Stem Cells Market report which suits the necessities of small, medium, as well as large size of businesses.

Synthetic stem cells market is expected to gain market growth in the forecast period of 2021 to 2028. Data Bridge Market Research analyses the market to account to USD 54.25 million by 2028 growing at a CAGR of 15.44% in the above-mentioned forecast period. The growing awareness amongst the physicians and patients regarding the benefits of synthetic stem cells which will further create lucrative opportunities for the growth of the market.

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The major players covered in the synthetic stem cells market report are North Carolina State University (NCSU); Zhengzhou University; among other domestic and global players. Market share data is available for Global, North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific (APAC), Middle East and Africa (MEA) and South America separately. DBMR analysts understand competitive strengths and provide competitive analysis for each competitor separately.

Competitive Landscape and Synthetic Stem Cells Market Share Analysis

Synthetic stem cells market competitive landscape provides details by competitor. Details included are company overview, company financials, revenue generated, market potential, investment in research and development, new market initiatives, global presence, production sites and facilities, production capacities, company strengths and weaknesses, product launch, product width and breadth, application dominance. The above data points provided are only related to the companies focus related to synthetic stem cells market.

The synthetic stem cells are very fragile and prior to use require careful storage, typing, and characterization. In somewhat similar ways to that of deactivated vaccines, the synthetic stem cells function. The membranes of the synthetic stem cells let the immune response bypass them. Synthetic stem cells cant amplify themselves, though.

Growing number of ethical concerns regarding embryonic stem cells, rising risk of tumor formation andimmunerejection of natural stem cells, surging volume of patients suffering from cardiovascular disorders across the globe, generalization of technology to different stem cell types and better preservation stability, rise in stem-cell targeted therapies in neurology and cardiology for research activities are some of the major as well as vital factors which will likely to augment the growth of the synthetic stem cells market in the projected timeframe of 2021-2028. On the other hand, growing number of applications in major indication, surging levels of investment for research activities along with costlystorageand fragility of natural stem cells which will further contribute by generating massive opportunities that will lead to the growth of the synthetic stem cells market in the above mentioned projected timeframe.

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Unclear and unstructured regulations on the use of product along with lack of skilled professionals which will likely to act as market restraints factor for the growth of the synthetic stem cells in the above mentioned projected timeframe. Approvals of synthetic stem cells are still not well-structured which will become the biggest and foremost challenge for the growth of the market.

This synthetic stem cells market report provides details of new recent developments, trade regulations, import export analysis, production analysis, value chain optimization, market share, impact of domestic and localised market players, analyses opportunities in terms of emerging revenue pockets, changes in market regulations, strategic market growth analysis, market size, category market growths, application niches and dominance, product approvals, product launches, geographic expansions, technological innovations in the market. To gain more info on synthetic stem cells market contact Data Bridge Market Research for anAnalyst Brief,our team will help you take an informed market decision to achieve market growth.

Global Synthetic Stem Cells Market Scope and Market Size

Synthetic stem cells market is segmented on the basis of application and end user. The growth amongst these segments will help you analyse meagre growth segments in the industries, and provide the users with valuable market overview and market insights to help them in making strategic decisions for identification of core market applications.

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Synthetic Stem Cells Market Country Level Analysis

Synthetic stem cells market is analysed and market size insights and trends are provided by country, application and end user as referenced above.

The countries covered in the synthetic stem cells market report are U.S., Canada and Mexico in North America, Germany, France, U.K., Netherlands, Switzerland, Belgium, Russia, Italy, Spain, Turkey, Rest of Europe in Europe, China, Japan, India, South Korea, Singapore, Malaysia, Australia, Thailand, Indonesia, Philippines, Rest of Asia-Pacific (APAC) in the Asia-Pacific (APAC), Saudi Arabia, U.A.E, South Africa, Egypt, Israel, Rest of Middle East and Africa (MEA) as a part of Middle East and Africa (MEA), Brazil, Argentina and Rest of South America as part of South America.

North America dominates the synthetic stem cells market due to the increasing prevalence of target diseases, focus on development of for regenerative medicines, fast adoption of advanced therapies in the region, while Asia-Pacific is expected to grow at the highest growth rate in the forecast period of 2021 to 2028 due to the growing trend of synthetic stem cell technology and will be the early adopter of this technology.

The country section of the synthetic stem cells market report also provides individual market impacting factors and changes in regulation in the market domestically that impacts the current and future trends of the market. Data points such as consumption volumes, production sites and volumes, import export analysis, price trend analysis, cost of raw materials, down-stream and upstream value chain analysis are some of the major pointers used to forecast the market scenario for individual countries. Also, presence and availability of global brands and their challenges faced due to large or scarce competition from local and domestic brands, impact of domestic tariffs and trade routes are considered while providing forecast analysis of the country data.

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Healthcare Infrastructure growth Installed base and New Technology Penetration

Synthetic stem cells market also provides you with detailed market analysis for every country growth in healthcare expenditure for capital equipments, installed base of different kind of products for synthetic stem cells market, impact of technology using life line curves and changes in healthcare regulatory scenarios and their impact on the synthetic stem cells market. The data is available for historic period 2010 to 2019.

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Synthetic Stem Cells Market 2021 Briefing, Trends, Applications, Types, Research, Forecast To 2028 - The Market Writeuo - The Market Writeuo

16 August 2021

A genome editing-based gene therapy forblood diseasessickle cell disease andbeta-thalassaemia continues to be effective more than two years after treatment.

The clinical trial for the therapy, named CTX001, previously reported good preliminary results (see BioNews 1052) and new data was presented at the European Haematology Association 2021 Virtual Congress.

'We are hearing that it is life-changing.' said Professor Stephan Grupp from the Cell and Gene Therapy Laboratory at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, one of the researchers collaborating on the trial.

Patients with sickle cell disease or beta-thalassaemia carry a mutation in a single gene that causes problems in an essential blood molecule called haemoglobin. Patients usually require lifelong blood transfusions, sometimes stem cell transplants, as well as ongoing pain management. Sickle cell disease can also impact reproductive health in women (see BioNews 1105).

This clinical trial involved taking a patient's own blood stem cells, called hematopoietic stem cells, and editing them outside the body.CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing wasused to reactivatea different haemoglobin gene that is usually only expressed in the fetus and is switched off at birth. The editedstem cells were transplanted back into thepatients, who started producing fetal haemoglobin,replacingthe nonfunctional haemoglobin that causeddisease symptoms.

'The data presented today in 22 patients are impressive in both the consistency and durability of effect. These results add to the growing body of evidence that CTX001 may hold the promise for a one-time functional cure for sickle cell disease and beta-thalassemia.' said Dr Reshma Kewalramani, CEO of Vertex Pharmaceuticals in Boston, Massachusetts, who developed the treatment in partnership with CRISPR Therapeutics from Zug, Switzerland.

Aftertwo years post-gene therapy, the sickle cell disease patients were reported to be free of vaso-occlusive crises; a painful organ injury occurring when blood cells cause blockages, common to sickle cell disease patients. None of the beta-thalassaemia patients has required any further blood transfusions as all have started producing functional levels of fetal haemoglobin in their blood.

'The evidence so far indicates that it is durable in the time frame we've seen, and we just have to continue to follow the patients' said Professor Grupp.

The rest is here:
More positive results from CRISPR trial for sickle cell and thalassaemia - BioNews

John Davy of Hancock marks two birthdays. The first isNov. 16, the day he was born in 1941. The second is Jan. 6,the day in 2014 when he received a lifesaving stem-cell transplantthanks to a complete stranger.

Now, John and his wife Sandhy Kale have become advocates for Be the Match, the national stem cell registry that found John his rare genetic match.

How often in the world do you get to save someones life? Davy asked. You fantasize about it sometimes. Heres an opportunity for anyone between 18 and 44 to do just that.

Davy said he began feeling abnormally tired sometime in 2013. One day, he walked to the mailbox, only a few hundred feet away from his front door, and had to stop several times on his way back to his house.

I said, Thats not me. Theres something off here, Davy said.

Davy went in to the hospital for some testing, and after a few false starts looking at his heart and running stress tests, doctors performed a Complete Blood Count, or CBC.

My blood count was so low, it wouldnt support life, he said.

Thats when Davy received his diagnosis. Myelodysplastic syndrome, or MDS, a form of blood cancer.

My first thought was, OK, what are we going to do about this? Davy said. Thats when the doctor told me there was no cure.

MDS cannot be cured through usual chemotherapy or radiation treatments. However, it can be treated with bone marrow or, as with Davy, the transplant of stem cells.

After receiving a second opinion, and speaking with a doctor experienced with stem cell transplants, Davy went on the national stem cell registry, known as Be the Match.

He was told he might have to wait upwards of a year before finding his match. But Davy got lucky in only three months, a viable donor joined the registry.

Davy knows little about the man who saved his life. He was 30 years old at the time, and a member of the United States military. Be the Match allows donors and patients to connect, if both sides are interested, but while John said he would love to shake the mans hand, his donor has wished to remain anonymous.

If I could speak to him, I would thank him profusely. For someone to be that generous, to donate to someone that hes never met, is astounding, Davy said.

Joining the Be the Match registry is as simple as swabbing a cheek.

Your genetic profile goes into the system, and, if donors are found to be a match to any patients waiting for transplants, only then are they called to go through the donation process.

There are two ways to donate stem cells. In either case, the donor will first undergo two injections to increase the production of their stem cells. In the first type of donation procedure, liquid bone marrow is extracted using a needle while the donor is under anesthesia. But the much more common way to donate used about 80 percent of the time is through a blood donation.

Similar to the process for donating plasma, the donor has blood drawn, it is cycled by a machine to remove only the stem cells, and the remaining blood is returned to the donor.

The recipient of the stem cells has to undergo a process to suppress their immune system, and the donated stem cells are given to the patient.

Because the immune system has to be repressed to accept the new cells, there is danger in the procedure, and even those who successfully accept the new stem cells can experience side effects of graft-verses-host reactions.

There is no guarantee, Kale said. This is a chance. You can take it if you want. Even if it buys you four or five years, you might get to see your kids graduating, your grandkids grow up. It was worth it to us.

And for Davy, they said, there was no other option. He accepted the risk, and said hes one of the lucky ones he had one minor reaction resulting in a rash across his chest, but overall, since his transplant, he has been able to resume a normal life. Today, seven years later, he is on no medications, and has no restrictions for how he can live his life.

It is that new lease on life that Davy said convinced himself and Sandhy that they had to become involved with Be the Match on a level besides being a recipient of their services. The two are now advocates for the system, traveling to drives to tell their story, and Davy acts as a support person for patients who may be recipients of transplants, telling them about what to expect in the process.

Its crucial, Davy said, to get as many people on the registry as possible. Because matches work on how genetically compatible two people are, people of similar ethnic backgrounds are more likely to match, and your ethnicity greatly impacts the likelihood of finding a good match.

White patients are the most likely to find a match within the system, at a rate of 79 percent. Native Americans have a 60 percent chance, Hispanic people a 48 percent, Asian 47 percent, and Black people only 29 percent.

Thats why Sandhy and I try to get as many people involved as we can, Davy said. The more people in the registry, the better chance you have.

Be the Match currently has a donor drive scheduled for Aug. 14 from 10 a.m. to 2 p.m. at E. Paul Community Center at 61 South Street in Troy. To join the registry you must be between the ages of 18 and 44 and be in good general health, and committed to donating to anyone in need. If you cannot attend the physical drive, a free cheek swab kit will be mailed to you. If you are interested in a kit, text TroyFD to 61474.

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Hancock man advocates for national bone marrow and stem cell registry that saved his life - Monadnock Ledger Transcript

Inflamed mouse stem cells located in the basal layer (red) of the epidermis and FOS (green), a near-universal stress response factor essential to inflammatory memory. Credit: Christopher Cowley

When a tissue experiences inflammation, its cells remember. Pinning proteins to its genetic material at the height of inflammation, the cells bookmark where they left off in their last tussle. Next exposure, inflammatory memory kicks in. The cells draw from prior experience to respond more efficiently, even to threats that they have not encountered before. Skin heals a wound faster if it was previously exposed to an irritant, such as a toxin or pathogen; immune cells can attack new viruses after a vaccine has taught them to recognize just one virus.

Now,a new studyinCell Stem Celldescribes the mechanism behind inflammatory memory,also commonly referred to as trained immunity,and suggests that the phenomenon may be universal across diverse cell types.

This is happening in natural killer cells, T cells, dendritic cells from human skin, and epidermal stem cells in mice, says Samantha B. Larsen, a former graduate student in the laboratory ofElaine Fuchsat The Rockefeller University. The similarities in mechanism are striking, and may explain the remitting and relapsing nature of chronic inflammatory disorders in humans.

When thinking about our immune system, we default to specific immunitythat cadre of T cells and B cells trained, by experience or vaccination, to remember the specific contours of the last pathogen that broke into our bodies. But theres a less specific strategy available to many cells, known as trained immunity. The impact is shorter-lived, but broader in scope. Trained immunity allows cells to respond to entirely new threats by drawing on general memories of inflammation.

Scientists have long suspected that even cells that are not traditionally involved in the immune response have the rudimentary ability to remember prior insults and learn from experience. The Fuchs lab drove this point home in a 2017 study published inNatureby demonstrating that mouse skin that had recovered from irritationhealed 2.5 times faster than normal skin when exposed to irritation at a later date.

One explanation, the Fuchs team proposed, could be epigenetic changes to the skin cell genome itself. During inflammation, regions of DNA that are usually tightly coiled around histone proteins unravel to transcribe a genetic response to the attack. Even after the dust settles, a handful of these memory domains remain openand changed. Some of their associated histones have been modified since the assault, and proteins known as transcription factors have latched onto the exposed DNA. A once nave cell is now raring for its next fight.

But the molecular mechanism that explained this process, and how the cell could use it to respond to types of inflammation and injury that it had never seen before, remained a mystery.

So the Fuchs lab once again exposed mice skin to irritants, and watched as stem cells in the skin changed. We focused on the regions in the genome that become accessible during inflammation, and remain accessible afterwards, says Christopher Cowley, a graduate student in the Fuchs lab. We call these regions memory domains, and our goal was to explore the factors that open them up, keep them open and reactivate them a second time.

They observed about 50,000 regions within the DNA of thestem cellsthat had unraveled to respond to the threat, but a few months later only about 1,000 remained open and accessible, distinguishing themselves as memory domains. Interestingly, many of these memory domains were the same regions that had unraveled mostprodigiouslyin the early days of skin inflammation.

The scientists dug deeper and discovered a two-step mechanism at the heart of trained immunity. The process revolves around transcription factors, proteins which govern the expression of genes, and hinges on the twin transcription factors known as JUN and FOS.

The stimulus-specific STAT3 transcription factor responds first, deployed to coordinate a genetic response to a particular genre of inflammation. This protein hands the baton to JUN-FOS, which perches on the unspooled genetic material to join the melee. The specific transcription factor that sounded the original alarm will eventually return home; FOS will float away as the tumult quiets down. But JUN stands sentinel, guarding the open memory domain with a ragtag band of other transcription factors, waiting for its next battle.

When irritation strikes again, JUN is ready. It rapidly recruits FOS back to the memory domain, and the duo charges into the fray. This time, no specific transcription factor is necessary to respond to a particular type of inflammation and get the ball rolling. The system unilaterally activates in response to virtually any stressalacrity that may not always benefit the rest of the body.

Trained immunity may sound like a boon to human health. Veteran immune cells seem to produce broader immune responses; experienced skin cells should heal faster when wounded.

But the same mechanism that keeps cells on high alert may instill a sort of molecular paranoia in chronic inflammation disorders. When the Fuchs lab examined data collected from patients who suffer from systemic sclerosis, for instance, they found evidence that JUN may be sitting right on the memory domains of affected cells, itching to incite an argument in response to even the slightest disagreement.

These arguments need not always be disagreeable, as animals benefit by healing their wounds quickly and plants exposed to one pathogen are often protected against others, says Fuchs. That said, chronic inflammatory disorders may owe their painful existence to the ability of their cells to remember, and to FOS and JUN, which respond universally to stress.

The scientists hope that shedding light on one possible cause of chronic inflammatory disease may help researchers develop treatments for these conditions. The factors and pathways that we identify here could be targeted, both in the initial disease stages and, later, during the relapsing stages of disease, says Cowley. Larsen adds: Perhaps these transcription factors could be used as a general target to inhibit the recall of the memories that cause chronic inflammation.

Reference: Establishment, maintenance, and recall of inflammatory memory by Samantha B. Larsen, Christopher J. Cowley, Sairaj M. Sajjath, Douglas Barrows, Yihao Yang, Thomas S. Carroll and Elaine Fuchs, 27 July 2021, Cell Stem Cell.DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.07.001

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How Cells Use Memories of Past Inflammation To Respond to New Threats - SciTechDaily

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a lethal brain tumor characterized by developmental hierarchical phenotypic heterogeneity, therapy resistance and recurrent growth. Neural stem cells (NSCs) from human central nervous system (CNS), and glioblastoma stem cells from patient-derived GBM (pdGSC) samples and cultured in both 2D well-plate and 3D monoclonal neurosphere culture system (pdMNCS). The pdMNCS model shows promise to establish a relevant 3D-tumor environment that maintains GBM cells in the stem cell phase within suspended neurospheres. Utilizing the pdMNCS, we examined GBM cell-lines for a wide spectrum of developmental cancer stem cell markers, including the early blastocyst inner-cell mass (ICM)-specific Nanog, Oct3/4,B, and CD133. We observed that MNCS epigenotype is recapitulated using gliomasphere-derived cells. CD133, the marker of GSC is robustly expressed in 3D-gliomaspheres and localized within the plasma membrane compartment. Conversely, gliomasphere cultures grown in conventional 2D culture quickly lost CD133 expression, indicating its variable expression is dependent on cell-culture conditions. Critically, this experiment demonstrates incomplete differentiation of cytoskeleton microtubules and intermediate filaments (IFs) of patient derived cells, similar to commercially available GBM cell lines. Subsequently, in order to determine whether Oct3/4 it was necessary for CD133 expression and cancer stemness, we transfected 2D and 3D culture with siRNA against Oct3/4 and found a significant reduction in gliomasphere formation. These results suggest that expression of Oct3/4,Aand CD133 suppress differentiation of GSCs.

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Gliomagenesis is orchestrated by the Oct3/4 regulatory network. - Physician's Weekly