Category Archives: Stem Cells

Stem cells have long been heralded for their regenerative potential and implications in studying development and disease theyve already had some success treating spinal cord injuries and diabetes. And now, in a new study at the University of Virginia (UVA) School of Medicine, mouse embryonic stem cells have been used to make the most sophisticated in vitro (in a dish) model of a mammal ever created in such a way. The mouse embryoid features a beating heart and is in the process of developing its muscles, blood vessels, gut, and nervous system allin a petri dish.

Stem cells are a type of cell whose fate is not predetermined. They have the ability to develop into many in some cases any of the more than 200 cell types in our bodies. This gives them massive potential in the treatment of disease and growth and repair of tissues. Harnessing their ability to differentiate into a single cell type is challenging enough, but using them to build complex models with multiple cell types is a different ball game the team at UVA really had their work cut out.

The research, published in Nature Communications, builds on previous work by the same authors in their 2014 study, they identified the conditions necessary to artificially develop a zebrafish embryo from scratch. This knowledge was to become crucial in overcoming the multitude of challenges faced in stem cell modeling. Namely, failure to develop properly or organize correctly, as happened in previous models. The current study, however, generated a well-developed mouse embryo with correctly organized cells and tissues: notochord (which will go on to become the backbone), digestive tract, beating heart, and neural tube (which will later become the brain and spinal cord). The latter is a precursor to the central nervous system and represents the first time this has been successfully developed in vitro.

"What is amazing is that we can get the variety of tissues that are present in an authentic mouse embryo," study author Christine Thisse, PhD, said in a statement.

The artificial tissues are not only present, but they are also functional: "Human organs are made of multiple cell types that originate from different parts of the growing embryo," Bernard Thisse, PhD, also an author on the paper, explained. "The only way to have all the variety of cells necessary to the formation of functional organs is to develop systems in which all precursor cells are present. The embryo-like entities we have engineered using stem cells are providing just this."

While this is undoubtedly a huge step towards scientists using stem cells to successfully mimic mammalian development, it is by no means the end of the road. "The embryoids we are currently producing lack the anterior brain domains," Bernard Thisse said. Because of this, their developmentstops in the middle of gestation. So we might not yet be at the point where we can grow a tiny baby mouse in a dish using just a handful of cells, but the great strides made by the study will advance the field of stem cell research significantly. The authors remain optimistic that the techniques theyve developed will allow them, in future, to generate embryoids that contain all tissues and organs, including the anterior brain.

For now, this remarkable model will shed light on mammalian development and be a powerful tool in other in vitro studies, as well as in disease modeling. It could, potentially, aid in the creation of new drugs, and be used to grow tissues and organs for transplant patients.

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Mouse Embryo With Beating Heart Created From Stem Cells By Scientists - IFLScience

Firstly, two news items on glioblastoma that will be of particular interest to scientists at our Research Centre at Queen Mary, University of London. This brain tumour type is the most aggressive and most common primary high-grade tumour diagnosed in adults.

We begin with some fascinating research into a new stage of the stem cell life cycle could be the key to unlocking new methods of brain cancer treatment. Following brain stem cell analysis, through single-cell RNA sequencing, data mapped out a circular pattern that has been identified as all of the different phases of the cell cycle. A new cell cycle classifier tool then took a closer, high-resolution look at what's happening within the growth cycles of stem cells and identified genes that can be used to track progress through this cell cycle. When the research team analysed cell data for Gliomas, they found the tumour cells were often either in the Neural G0 or G1 growth state and that as the tumours became more aggressive, fewer and fewer cells remained in the resting Neural G0 state. They correlated this data with the prognosis for patients with Glioblastoma and found those with higher Neural G0 levels in tumour cells had less aggressive tumours. So, if more cells could be pushed into this quiescent, or sleepy, state tumours would become less aggressive. Current cancer drug treatments focus on killing cancer cells. However, when the cancer cells are killed, they release cell debris into the surrounding area of the tumour, which can cause the remaining cells to become more resistant to drugs. If, instead of killing cells, we put them to sleep could that potentially be a better way forward?

For the first time, scientists have discovered stem cells of the hematopoietic system in glioblastomas. These hematopoietic stem cells promote division of the cancer cells and at the same time suppress the immune response against the tumour so Glioblastomas. In tissue samples of 217 Glioblastomas, 86 WHO grade II and III Astrocytomas, and 17 samples from healthy brain tissue, researchers used computer-assisted transcription analysis to draw up profiles of the cellular composition. The tissue samples were taken directly from the post-surgery, resection margins - where remaining tumour cells and immune cells meet. The team were able to distinguish between signals from 43 cell types, including 26 different types of immune cells. To their great surprise, the researchers discovered hematopoietic stem and precursor cells in all the malignant tumour samples, while this cell type was not found in healthy tissue samples. An even more surprising observation was that these blood stem cells seem to have fatal characteristics: They suppress the immune system and at the same time stimulate tumour growth. When the researchers cultured the tumour-associated blood stem cells in the same petri dish as Glioblastoma cells, cancer cell division increased. At the same time, the cells produced large amounts of the PD-L1 molecule, known as an "immune brake", on their surface.

On diagnosis of an Ependymoma an adult is often treated with surgery followed by radiation. When a tumour comes back, there had been no standard treatment options. Recently, thats changed, thanks to results from the first prospective clinical trial for adults with Ependymoma, which showed the benefits of a combination regimen including a targeted drug and chemotherapy.

Also of relevance to our Research Centre at QMUL, a study may have identified the cell of origin of Medulloblastoma. Using organoids to simulate tumour tissue in 3D an approach also used by researchers at QMUL - this organoid model has enabled researchers to identify the type of cell that can develop into Medulloblastoma. These cells express Notch1/S100b, and play a key role in onset, progression and prognosis.

Research has been looking at how Medulloblastoma travels to other sites within the central nervous system and has shown that an enzyme called GABA transaminase, abbreviated as ABAT, aids metastases in surviving the hostile environment around the brain and spinal cord and in resisting treatment. These findings may provide clues to new strategies for targeting lethal Medulloblastoma metastases.

You can register to join an online lecture on the molecular analysis of paediatric Medulloblastoma and vulnerabilities, the development of models that recapitulate the patients diseases and how models allow to identify new therapies using a pre-clinical pipeline. It is on July 13th.

From the 12 15 of August you can watch The Masters Live World Course in Brain and Spine Tumour Surgery this event wont be streamed or saved on social media and registration is free.

Still focussing on neuro surgery this link takes you to a Neurosurgeon's guide to Cognitive Dysfunction in Adult Glioma

Grounds for optimism to end with as a prominent clinician/scientist believes Glioblastoma outcomes could change for the better soon. Frederick F. Lang Jr, MD, chair of neurosurgery at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Centre, and a co-leader of the institutions Glioblastoma Moon Shot programme says I am optimistic that we are going to see changes in the survival as we start to [better] understand the groups of people we're treating, and as we separate out the tumours more precisely and classify them better. Then, as we understand the biology of [the disease] better and better, we're going to see changes in the near future terms of survival. The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Centre is pursuing several novel approaches, including viro-immunotherapy and genetically engineered natural killer cells to treat patients with GBM, while also conducting tumour analysis to better comprehend the disease.

Whether to find out more about the Glioblastoma tumour microenvironment work or research into Medulloblastoma carried out at our Queen Mary University of London (QMUL) centre, the techniques at the forefront of tumour neurosurgery being employed by Consultant Neurosurgeon Kevin ONeill at our Imperial College, London Centre or the work into Meningioma and Acoustic Neuroma ( Thursday was Acoustic Neuroma Awareness Day) that Professor Oliver Hanemann focuses on at our University of Plymouth Centre, it is always worth checking our Research News pages and for an overview of our research strategy check out Brain Tumour Research our research strategy.

Finally, a request for you all to support our #StopTheDevastation campaign click through, find out more, get involved and say #NoMore to brain tumours.

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Sleeper cells, cells of origin and hematopoietic stem cells - Brain Tumour Research

Keila Torres knew during a conference trip to Florida she was going to meet the woman who saved her life. What she didn't expect was to see someone so familiar.

Torres, 44,of Worcester, Massachusetts,desperately needed a bone marrow transplant in 2016, when she was 39, to beatacute myeloid leukemia, a cancerthat starts in the bone marrow but often moves into the blood.

A bone marrow transplant isa treatment option for people withblood cancers, such as leukemia, and it replacesunhealthy blood-forming cells with healthy ones from a donor, according to Be The Match, a nonprofit that pairs peoplewith a donor.

She had slightly less than a 50% chance, according to Be The Match. But she beat thoseodds, thanks to Palm Desert resident Odalis Trinidad.

When the two women met on June 23, Torreshad a realization. Her body had been changing since the transplant, and now it started to make sense.

"My blood type changed to Odalis blood type.I developed allergies after the transplant, and she has allergies," Torres said. "Her hair is long, beautiful and really curly, and when my hair started to grow back, it was very curly, very tight curls. When I saw her, I was like, 'Wow, that's why my hair is like that.'"

"You basically become your donor. She lives in me," she added.

Dr. Ayad Hamdan, a bone marrow transplant specialist and board certified hematologist with the Eisenhower Lucy Curci Cancer Center, explained that since new stem cells from adonor replace the stem cells in a patients bone marrow, which is the "factory of our blood cells," the patient will have the same blood type as the donor.

He added it is possible for patients to develop allergies, and"most patients who receive chemotherapy or a transplant have the experience that their hair may grow back with a different texture," but the hair follicles themselves don't change.

Not only do the two women share hair textures and occasionally stuffy noses, they're driven by their desire to inspire others to help those in need.

Most 19-year-oldsare focused on having good times with their friends, not necessarily providing life-saving donations.

Trinidadsaid she tried to donate blood as often as she could, even though the process was always a bit uncomfortable either her arm would stop pumping enough blood, or her arm would be too sensitive. During one of her visits, she noticed a poster for Be The Match and decided to do some more research.

The process to join the donor registryseemed "really easy" for Trinidad, now 24.She received a registration kit to give a swab of cheek cells and sent it back in October 2015. Then camethe waiting period.

"If you get called, you get called; if you don't, well, at least you tried, right?" the Palm Desert resident said.

People between the ages of 18 and 44 can join the Be The Match donor registry. Cells from younger donors have the best chance of successful donations, according to the Mayo Clinic.

Due to a lack of diversity on the donor registry, white patients have a better chance of finding a match on the registry than do people of other races. According to the site, African Americans have a 29% chance, Asians and Pacific Islanders 47%, Latinos 48%, Native Americans 60% and whites 79%.

In July 2015, Torres, 38 at the time, learned she was diagnosed with Stage 3 breast cancer. With two young sons, ages 15 months and 5 years old at the time, she knew she had to fight to be there for her boys. After chemotherapy, radiation, lymph node removal and a bilateral mastectomy, she was declared cancer-free a year later.

The good news, unfortunately, was spoiled in September 2016.

"I felt like I was fine. I was recovering, I was spending time with my kids, I was going to work, my hair was growing back and I felt great," Torres said. While undergoing a bone marrow biopsy, she was told "there was something wrong" with routine lab work.She remembered asking her oncologist, "What's the worst that could happen?"

"If we find leukemia," Torres recalled her oncologist saying. "When I heard leukemia, I was like, 'Oh,that's not going to be me, it's probably something else.'"

But the biopsy showed she hadacute myeloid leukemia. It isa common type of leukemia in adults, although it accounts for just 1% of all cancers,according to Cancer.org.It is also generally uncommon to find in people younger than 45. Torres was 39.

"I was in shock. I was devastated. I had already gone through so many things," Torres said, "but in the back of my head I was thinking, 'I've been through breast cancer, I can do this.'"

But the gravity of the situation didn't hit her until she met the leukemia team at Massachusetts General Hospital. Walking into one of the clinic rooms, she remembers feeling "very claustrophobic,"like she was "running out of breath."

Torres began chemotherapy atMassachusetts General, but to have a betterchance at beating leukemia, she would need a bone marrow transplant.

The two women had plenty in common even before the transplant,Torres said, almost as if Trinidad was always her"missing puzzle piece." They both have birthdays in October, mothers from Guatemala (Torres grew up there as well) and they're both mothers.

The best match for a bone marrow transplant is when a patient and donor'shuman leukocyte antigen closely match. HLA"is a marker on our stem cells thatdetermines how our immune system responds," explained Hamdan. Those markers are used by an individual's immune system to know which cells belong in the body and which ones don't, according to Be The Match.

Doctors first looked to Torres' brother to see if he was a match. Siblings have a one in four chance of being a match since half of an individual's HLA markers are inheritedfrom their mother and the other halffrom their father, according to Be The Match. About seven out of 10 people won't have a close match with a family member, as was thecase with Torres. That's when people look to thedonor registry.

After Trinidad completed her cheek swab in October 2015, she essentially forgot about it since she didn't hear back from the registry. She received a phone call a year later.

"'Hey, I don't know if you remember you signed up for this, but this is what we do and we're calling to let you know that you have a possibility of saving someone's life,'" Trinidad recalled hearing.The only information she was given was the person needing the donationwas a female, 40 years old (Torres turned 40 in October 2016) and the type of leukemia. Nothing more, not even a name.

So, yes or no? It wastime to decide.

"I called them (the next day to learn) what did I need to do, what did they need from meto make sure it could be successful," she said.

Trinidad had blood work and other tests done prior to donation day. Her family was very supportive of her decision to help save a life, she said, whileit was a bit "hard for my friends to be on board."

"We were all 19, so they were like, 'You're crazy, you don't even know them and you're going to have this whole surgery for them?'I was like, "Well, yeah, I can save someone's life,'" Trinidad recalled. "You would want someone to do it for you, so how could you not do it?"

On donation day, donorsare put undergeneral anesthesia and marrow cells are taken from the back of the pelvicbone.

"The donor lies face down, and a large needle is put through the skin and into the back of the hip bone. Its pushed through the bone to the center and the thick, liquid marrow is pulled out through the needle," according to Cancer.org.Around 10%, or 2 pints, of marrow are collected, and the procedure takes up to two hours. The donor's body replaces those cells within four to six weeks.

Trinidad described the day in December 2016 as "nerve-racking,"but not because of the giant needle.

"I know everything that they're doing to me, but I can't, I literally cannot, know her perspective, what she is going through, how it is going to get to her," she said. "During this whole procedure, I'm nervous, I'm thinking, 'I hope it works, I hope it works.'I'm a match, but her body might not (accept the cells)well. I want to be sure that I'm doing the best I can so that it's the best for her."

To begin the transplant process, a receiving patient must undergo a conditioning regimen, which includes chemotherapy and sometimes radiation, to "wipe out" their immune system and leukemia cells, according to Hamdan.On transplant day, also called Day Zero, patients receive the donated cells through a blood transfusion.From Day Zero onward, the donated cells grow and make new blood cells, which is called engraftment, according to Be The Match.

Torres, admitted to the hospital on Thanksgiving, had a week straight of chemotherapy. Day Zero, which she considers one of her birthdays and her "rebirth," was Dec. 2, 2016.

It's normal for patients to feel weak, and Torres remembers being "sick to my stomach" the first few days after the transfusion. But her red and white blood counts started growing, she said, and slowly started feeling better. She was released from the hospital on Dec. 23, just in time for the holidays.

Both women had played a big part in each other's lives, and yet they still didn't know anything about one another.

Transplant recipients and donors have to wait one year before they can have direct contact with each other in the United States, according to Be The Match.

"This could only work if both of us want to know," Trinidad said."It was hard because I wanted to know her recovery, I wanted to know if it worked. What if it didn't work and they just didn't tell me anything at all?"

By the time the one-year mark came, the two women were ready to know something, anything,about each other.

It was an instant connection, almost as if they had known each other their entire lives, they both said. Finallyconnected on Facebook, they could get a glimpse of the other's family and see what they were up to. They talked and texted whenever they could.

It wasn't until a few weeks after their initial contact that Torres revealed to Trinidad that doctorsfound leukemia once again in January 2018.Torres would have to go through the transplant process all over again, but this time witha different donor.

Hamdan explained: "Transplants are most of the time the only chance for patients to be cured, and although there is a good chance of success, the cancer can come back. (It) depends on the disease, the age of the patient, the type of transplant."

Torres still wouldn't change a thing.

"She gave me life the first time around. I was able to come home and be with my kids for a year," Torres said. "Even if I had relapsed or not, Im so grateful for her for doing an act of kindness. At 20,Iwasnt thinking about stuff like that."

Trinidad, now a mother herself to3-month-old son Jimmy,said having her own child put thedonation into a whole new perspective.

"I really just am happy to give her that time with her kids. I now know how important and valued that time is," she said.

But thatwasn't the end of the journey.

They both had meeting each other in-person on their bucket lists, and when an opportunity came at aHOSA Future Health Professionals convention last month in Orlando, Floridaboth said "it was meant to be."

Representatives from Be The Match reached out to the two women and asked if they'd want to share their story to the students attending the conference. Trinidad was also a member of HOSA when she attended Palm Springs High School.

After years of texting, calling and social media lurking, they hugged on stage at the conference for quite a long time, admitted Trinidad, and "neither of us wanted to let go." She describedthe moment as "surreal,"finally seeing "the life that I gave her."

And for Torres, to see the woman who went froman anonymous lifesaver to a dear friend and a bit of a look-alike,saying thank you in-personis a moment she'll never forget.

"Theres no way that Iwill ever be able to repay her because theres no price with what she did," Torres said. "Im think I'm still kind of digesting all the emotions that came with it, but the one thing I know isIm full of gratitude for what she did for me.

Trinidad hopes more people will join the donor registry "it's so easy," she reiterated and be there to answer the call if they end up being someone's best match.

"I'm a donor because I wanted to be one," Trinidad said. "I know it required me physically giving up some bone marrow, but itsaved someones life, and I would do it again."

Torres, too, can attest to that: "If it hadnt been for her the first time around, honestly I dont think Iwould be here."

HOW TO JOIN THE BE THE MATCH REGISTRY

Visithttps://bethematch.org/to learnhow to join the registry, request a cheek swab and what the next steps are if you're a match.

Ema Sasic covers health in the Coachella Valley. Reach her at ema.sasic@desertsun.com or on Twitter @ema_sasic.

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Palm Desert resident meets the woman whose life she saved with bone marrow transplant - Desert Sun

DUBLIN--(BUSINESS WIRE)--The "Cell Therapy Global Market Report 2021: COVID-19 Growth and Change to 2030" report has been added to ResearchAndMarkets.com's offering.

The global cell therapy market is expected to grow from $7.2 billion in 2020 to $7.82 billion in 2021 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.6%.

Major players in the cell therapy market are Fibrocell Science Inc., JCR Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., PHARMICELL Co. Ltd., Osiris Therapeutics Inc., MEDIPOST, Vericel Corporation, Anterogen Co. Ltd., Kolon TissueGene Inc., Stemedica Cell Technologies Inc., and AlloCure.

The growth is mainly due to the companies resuming their operations and adapting to the new normal while recovering from the COVID-19 impact, which had earlier led to restrictive containment measures involving social distancing, remote working, and the closure of commercial activities that resulted in operational challenges. The market is expected to reach $12.06 billion in 2025 at a CAGR of 11%.

The cell therapy market consists of sales of cell therapy and related services. Cell therapy (CT) helps repair or replace damaged tissues and cells. A variety of cells are used for the treatment of diseases includes skeletal muscle stem cells, hematopoietic (blood-forming) stem cells (HSC), lymphocytes, mesenchymal stem cells, pancreatic islet cells, and dendritic cells.

The cell therapy market covered in this report is segmented by technique into stem cell therapy; cell vaccine; adoptive cell transfer (ACT); fibroblast cell therapy; chondrocyte cell therapy. It is also segmented by therapy type into allogeneic therapies; autologous therapies, by application into oncology; cardiovascular disease (CVD); orthopedic; wound healing; others.

The high cost of cell therapy hindered the growth of the cell therapy market. Cell therapies have become a common choice of treatment in recent years as people are looking for the newest treatment options. Although there is a huge increase in demand for cell therapies, they are still very costly to try. Basic joint injections can cost about $1,000 and, based on the condition, more specialized procedures can cost up to $ 100,000. In 2020, the average cost of stem cell therapy can range from $4000 - $8,000 in the USA. Therefore, the high cost of cell therapy restraints the growth of the cell therapy market.

Key players in the market are strategically partnering and collaborating to expand the product portfolio and geographical presence of the company. For instance, in April 2018, Eli Lilly, an American pharmaceutical company entered into a collaboration agreement with Sigilon Therapeutics, a biopharmaceutical company that focused on the discovery and development of living therapeutics to develop cell therapies for type 1 diabetes treatment by using the Afibromer technology platform.

Similarly, in September 2018, CRISPR Therapeutics, a biotechnological company that develops transformative medicine using a gene-editing platform for serious diseases, and ViaCyte, a California-based regenerative medicine company, collaborated on the discovery, development, and commercialization of allogeneic stem cell therapy for diabetes treatment.

In August 2019, Bayer AG, a Germany-based pharmaceutical and life sciences company, acquired BlueRock Therapeutics, an engineered cell therapy company, for $1 billion. Through this transaction, Bayer AG will acquire complete BlueRock Therapeutics' CELL+GENE platform, including a broad intellectual property portfolio and associated technology platform including proprietary iPSC technology, gene engineering, and cell differentiation capabilities. BlueRock Therapeutics is a US-based biotechnology company focused on developing engineered cell therapies in the fields of neurology, cardiology, and immunology, using a proprietary induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) platform.

The rising prevalence of chronic diseases contributed to the growth of the cell therapy market. According to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), chronic disease is a condition that lasts for one year or more and requires medical attention or limits daily activities or both and includes heart disease, cancer, diabetes, and Parkinson's disease.

Stem cells can benefit the patients suffering from spinal cord injuries, type 1 diabetes, Parkinson's disease (PD), heart disease, cancer, and osteoarthritis. According to Cancer Research UK, in 2018, 17 million cancer cases were added to the existing list, and according to the International Diabetes Federation, in 2019, 463 million were living with diabetes.

According to the Parkinson's Foundation, every year, 60,000 Americans are diagnosed with PD, and more than 10 million people are living with PD worldwide. The growing prevalence of chronic diseases increased the demand for cell therapies and contributed to the growth of the market.

Key Topics Covered:

1. Executive Summary

2. Cell Therapy Market Characteristics

3. Cell Therapy Market Trends And Strategies

4. Impact Of COVID-19 On Cell Therapy

5. Cell Therapy Market Size And Growth

5.1. Global Cell Therapy Historic Market, 2015-2020, $ Billion

5.2. Global Cell Therapy Forecast Market, 2020-2025F, 2030F, $ Billion

6. Cell Therapy Market Segmentation

6.1. Global Cell Therapy Market, Segmentation By Technique, Historic and Forecast, 2015-2020, 2020-2025F, 2030F, $ Billion

6.2. Global Cell Therapy Market, Segmentation By Therapy Type, Historic and Forecast, 2015-2020, 2020-2025F, 2030F, $ Billion

6.3. Global Cell Therapy Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2015-2020, 2020-2025F, 2030F, $ Billion

7. Cell Therapy Market Regional And Country Analysis

7.1. Global Cell Therapy Market, Split By Region, Historic and Forecast, 2015-2020, 2020-2025F, 2030F, $ Billion

7.2. Global Cell Therapy Market, Split By Country, Historic and Forecast, 2015-2020, 2020-2025F, 2030F, $ Billion

Companies Mentioned

For more information about this report visit https://www.researchandmarkets.com/r/719lux

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Cell Therapy Global Market Report 2021: COVID-19 Growth and Change to 2030 - ResearchAndMarkets.com - Business Wire

Oneup Business Insights offers a complete understanding of the Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cells Market in its latest research report.

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14 Analysts Viewpoints/Conclusions

15 Appendix

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Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cells Market Will Escalate Rapidly in the Near Future: Aastrom Biosciences, Inc. Mesoblast Ltd The Manomet Current - The...

5 July 2021

Germline cells seem to reset their biological clocks around the time of embryoimplantation, not when generating gametes, as previously thought.

Scientists measured an increase in genetic damage in embryonic cells during the early stages of embryogenesis in micebefore undergoing a total reset within a 'rejuvenation period', reversing any cell damage.

'This study uncovers a natural rejuvenation event during embryogenesis and suggests that the minimal biological age (ground zero) marks the beginning of organismal ageing,' wrote the researchers from Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts.

Previously, it was thought that, unlike thesomatic cells which form our bodies, germline cells which differentiateinto either sperm or eggs were ageless and did not inherit genetic damage from their parent organisms. However, recent research has shown that germline cells do age and display hallmarks of genetic damage. Yet, babies do not inherit their parents' age, and start again from zero.

The team employed machine-learning algorithms as 'ageing clocks' to calculate the ages of human and mouse embryonic tissue by measuring the prevalence ofmethylation an epigenetic marker. These markers accumulate with age on certain sections of DNA and are influenced by environmental factors. Although these markers do not affect the DNA sequence, they can alter the way a gene is expressed and modify proteins produced.

Genetic data sets collected from mouse embryosduring different stages of embryonic development were analysed by these epigenetic ageing clocks. Data sets recorded from mouse embryos following fertilisation showed increased epigenetic ageing with time during the first six days of cell division. But, during its implantation within the uterus wall, the embryonic cells displayed a decrease in epigenetic damage, characteristic of a reversal in ageing.

The team were unable to perform the same experiment inhuman embryos but were able to compare methylation in human induced pluripotent stem cells and embryonic stem cell lines anddatasets detailing methylation in human fetal tissue samples and see that a similar reset appeared to have occurred.

The findings, published in the journal ScienceAdvances, have wide-reaching implications for aiding the treatment of age-related illnesses such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. These diseases feature cells with accelerated epigenetic ageing and through a greater understanding of these biological reset mechanisms, it is thought that epigenetic damage to these cells could be reversed. However, achieving this in practice may be challenging since knowledge of other causes of cellular ageing is needed.

See the article here:
Reversal of biological age detected in mouse and human embryos - BioNews

Genexine said Monday that it signed an agreement with Toolgen to co-develop and commercialize CAR-NK cell gene therapy using the latters CRISPR/Cas9 technology.

The two companies will co-own patent rights, utility model rights, trademark rights, and R&D data resulting from their co-development at a 5:5 equity ratio. They will also equally shoulder the cost incurred for the patent application, revision, registrations, and maintenance.

Genexine will make the most of Toolgens genetic scissors technology to develop new cell gene therapy to cure incurable diseases and expand its strategic pipelines.

CAR-NK cell gene therapy is an anticancer drug -- homogeneous natural killer (NK) cells whose immunity efficacy is strengthened through genetic manipulation administered to patients.

Unlike the CAR-T cell treatment that has to utilize the patients own T cell, the production of CAR-NK therapy is much cheaper, and mass production is also possible because NK cells could be abstracted from ready-made cell strain or induced pluripotent stem cells (IPSC). NK cells also can attack a wide variety of cancer cells, aside from targets introduced by CAR technology, as they have perception ability and offensive power.

Toolgen has confirmed that it could improve anticancer and immunity capacity through gene-editing of not only CAR-T, TCR-T but CAR-NK and various other anticancer immunocytes.

Genexine will make the best use of Toolgens CRISPR/Cas9 technology to develop new drugs of gene therapy to cure incurable diseases. This co-development MOU will be its start, Genexine CEO Sung Young-chul said. NK cell gene therapy, which is rapidly emerging as the next-generation anticancer immunotherapy, has cost advantages. By developing new drugs through cooperation with Toolgen, we will bring about a paradigm change on the anticancer treatment market.

Toolgen Kim Young-ho also said, Toolgen had put in a lot of effort to apply gene-editing technology to cell therapies, such as CAR-T and CAR-NK, and has recently produced successful results.

Kim added that if the two companies develop global blockbuster cell and gene therapies using Genexines know-how and Toolglens genetic scissors technology, it will maximize their corporate values.

See original here:
Genexine, Toolgen to co-develop CAR-NK cell gene therapy - Korea Biomedical Review

London, July 01, 2021 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Roots Analysis has announced the addition of Cell Therapy Manufacturing Market (4th Edition), 2021-2030 report to its list of offerings.

Owing to the complex manufacturing processes, requirement of advanced production facilities and the growing demand for cell therapy products, developers are actively outsourcing certain manufacturing operations, in addition to expanding their in-house capabilities.

To order this 620 page report, which features 210+ figures and 280+ tables, please visit https://www.rootsanalysis.com/reports/view_document/cell-therapy-manufacturing/285.html

Key Market Insights

Around 200 organizations claim to be engaged in cell therapy manufacturingThe market landscape is dominated by industry players, which constitute 65% of the total number of stakeholders. Amongst these, over 25% companies are large firms.

280+ production facilities dedicated to cell therapies have been established worldwideNorth America has emerged as the manufacturing hub for cell therapies, with the presence of nearly 45% of the manufacturing facilities; this is followed by Europe (31%). Other emerging regions include China, Japan, South Korea and Australia.

90 cell therapy manufacturers are focused on immune cell and stem cell therapiesMost of the players in this domain are focused on manufacturing of T cell therapies, primarily CAR-T therapies, while the stem cell therapy manufacturers are primarily engaged in the production of adult stem cells and mesenchymal stem cell therapies

Presently, more than 70 companies carry out manufacturing at all scales of operation. Nearly 45% players have the required capabilities for commercial scale manufacturing. It is worth noting that all the industry players manufacture cell therapies required for clinical purposes.

35+ companies offer automated and closed systems to cell therapy developers More than 60 automated and closed systems are being used for cell therapy manufacturing. Organizations that are presently offering customized automated solutions for cell therapy processes / manufacturing are Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Engineering and Automation IPA (Germany), KMC Systems (US), RoosterBio (US) and Mayo Clinic Center for Regenerative Medicine (US).

Several partnerships were established in this domain, during the period 2016-2021More than 180 deals have been inked during the given time period. A large proportion (34%) of the partnerships were related to manufacturing of cell therapies, followed by acquisitions (17%) and licensing agreements (14%).

Expansion activity in this domain has grown at a CAGR of 59%, between 2016 and 2021More than 75 facility expansions were reported during the given time period. Over 80% instances were related to the establishment of new facilities, followed by those involving the expansion of existing facilities (17%).

Role of big pharma players in this industry has evolved over the last few years; their initiatives increased at a CAGR of 41% during the period 2016-2020Several big pharma players have undertaken various initiatives focused on cell therapy manufacturing. Gilead sciences, Takeda Pharmaceutical and Novartis are some of the prominent big pharma players in this domain.

The currently available global cell therapy manufacturing capacity is estimated to be over 1.88 billion sq. ft. of dedicated cleanroom areaThe maximum (48%) installed capacity (in terms of cleanroom area) belongs to companies based in North America (48%); the region has higher number of players having multiple production facilities. This is followed by Asia Pacific (29%) and Europe (23%).

The demand for cell therapies is anticipated to grow at a CAGR of 22%, during 2021-2030Presently, the clinical demand for stem cell and CAR-T cell-based products is the highest; this trend is unlikely to change in the foreseen future as well. On the other hand, the demand for tumor cell, NK cell and dendritic cell therapies is expected to grow at a relatively faster pace, over the next decade.

By 2030, the market for commercial scale cell therapy manufacturing is likely to grow at an annualized rate of 31.5%Currently, North America and Europe capture more than 70% share of the overall market. Specifically, the cell therapy manufacturing market in Asia Pacific is driven by countries, such as China, Japan, South Korea, India and Singapore. It is worth noting that the current market in Asia Pacific is primarily driven by the clinical demand for cell therapies.

To request a sample copy / brochure of this report, please visit https://www.rootsanalysis.com/reports/view_document/cell-therapy-manufacturing/285.html

Key Questions Answered

The USD 14.5 billion (by 2030) financial opportunity associated with cell therapy manufacturing market has been analyzed across the following segments:

The report also features inputs from eminent industry stakeholders, according to whom, the manufacturing of cell therapies is largely being outsourced due to exorbitant costs associated with the setting-up of in-house expertise. The report includes detailed transcripts of discussions held with the following experts:

The research includes profiles of key players (industry and non-industry; listed below), featuring a brief overview company / organization, information on its manufacturing facilities, service portfolio, recent partnerships and an informed future outlook.

For additional details, please visithttps://www.rootsanalysis.com/reports/view_document/cell-therapy-manufacturing/285.html or email sales@rootsanalysis.com

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The cell therapy manufacturing market is projected to reach USD 14.5 billion by 2030, growing at - GlobeNewswire

Multiple myeloma is a type of cancer that affects certain white blood cells, called plasma cells, in the bone marrow. The condition can cause people to feel unwell and extremely tired. It can also affect their bones and other organs, such as the kidneys.

The American Cancer Society estimates that in the United States, doctors will diagnose multiple myeloma in 19,320 men and 15,600 women in 2021. Researchers are continually working on new treatments to extend life expectancy for people with this condition.

Multiple myeloma treatment has come a long way since the days when chemotherapy was the only option. Today, more therapies exist than ever before.

Doctors can now customize a treatment plan for each person based on their diagnosis and unique needs. Options may include chemotherapy with stem cell transplantation, immunotherapy drugs, targeted therapies, and novel drug combinations.

This article looks at multiple myeloma treatment options, including chemotherapy and other drugs, bone marrow transplants, and radiation therapy. It also looks at a persons possible outlook following a multiple myeloma diagnosis.

Multiple myeloma is a type of cancer that changes someones plasma cells. These specialized cells are typically located in the bone marrow, and they play an essential role in the immune system.

If a person has multiple myeloma, the altered, cancerous plasma cells build up in the bone marrow, which means that there is not enough space for healthy blood cells. Instead of making antibodies that protect an individual from invading germs, the cancerous cells make an abnormal protein called monoclonal immunoglobulin, or monoclonal protein (M-protein).

Doctors may find these elevated M-proteins while testing the blood for another condition. They may also make a diagnosis because they suspect that someone has multiple myeloma based on their symptoms.

Although there are no specific causes of multiple myeloma, it appears to be more common among males, Black people, and individuals aged 45 years and above.

When treating multiple myeloma, doctors typically use chemotherapy to prepare the body for a stem cell transplant.

Chemotherapy is a powerful form of treatment that kills cells that divide and multiply quickly, such as cancer cells. However, healthy cells that grow rapidly may also become chemotherapy targets. This includes cells in the bone marrow, digestive tract, reproductive system, and hair follicles.

When chemotherapy damages healthy cells, it can cause side effects, including:

People undergoing chemotherapy may also develop low blood counts as a side effect of treatment. Having a low blood count means that an individual has an increased risk of infection. They bruise and bleed more easily, feel fatigued, and could be short of breath.

Most chemotherapy side effects disappear once a person has completed treatment.

Monoclonal antibodies are a form of immunotherapy that uses someones immune system to fight the cancer cells by targeting specific proteins. Some monoclonal antibodies target the CD38 protein, while others target the SLAM57 protein. Myeloma cells have both proteins.

Monoclonal antibodies affect cancer cells directly and help the immune system attack them. Doctors often use this treatment in combination with other types of drugs.

These drugs can cause a reaction at the time of administration or a few hours after. Some symptoms of a reaction include:

Immunomodulating drugs regulate certain aspects of the immune system. They can prevent some types of growth signals for cancer cells, activate specific immune cells, and kill myeloma cells.

The first immunomodulating drug that researchers developed was called thalidomide, and it caused severe congenital disabilities. Researchers still question the safety of newer immunomodulating drugs related to thalidomide, and people can only receive them through special programs.

The side effects of immunomodulating drugs depend on the specific drug but can include:

Steroids are an essential treatment for all stages of multiple myeloma. At high doses, steroids can kill cancer cells. They can also stop white blood cells from going to the disease-affected areas, thereby decreasing inflammation and relieving pain and pressure.

Some side effects of steroids include:

Long-term steroid use may suppress the immune system and weaken the bones. However, these side effects often go away once the steroid treatment is over.

People with myeloma can develop weak bones that may break easily. Bone modifying drugs called bisphosphonates can help strengthen the bones and slow down the weakening process. They can also reduce pain levels.

One rare but severe side effect of bone modifying drugs is osteonecrosis of the jaw. The drugs can destroy the jawbone and create an open wound that cannot heal. The open sore can lead to infection, and some people also experience tooth loss in the area.

One way to prevent this is by maintaining good oral hygiene and treating tooth or gum infections right away.

The standard of care for those with multiple myeloma involves a combination of high-dose chemotherapy and a bone marrow transplant. Getting a bone marrow transplant often means that an individual remains disease-free for a long time.

Whether or not someone is a good candidate for a bone marrow transplant depends on many factors, such as their age and the stage of their myeloma.

People frequently receive chemotherapy before a bone marrow transplant, which weakens their immune system and can lead to infections.

Some other side effects of bone marrow transplants can include:

Radiation therapy uses rays of particles to damage multiple myeloma cells and prevent them from growing. Not only can radiation therapy treat multiple myeloma, but it can also reduce complications from bone disease.

Like chemotherapy, radiation therapy can damage some normal cells, especially those that divide quickly. However, most healthy cells recover fully from the effects of radiation therapy.

Some side effects of radiation therapy include fatigue and a loss of appetite. A person may also have some sensitivity and irritation in the skin around the treatment area.

Doctors cannot cure multiple myeloma. There are times when it may lie dormant, but the cancer usually returns. For some people, multiple myeloma may present with no symptoms and progress slowly. A good response to initial treatment can lead to a promising outlook.

Even when treatment is over, regular follow-up testing is necessary to monitor for relapse. The 5-year survival rate for multiple myeloma in 20102016 was 53.9%. This rate has been steadily increasing.

Multiple myeloma is a cancer that affects the plasma cells in the bone marrow. There are many treatment options for multiple myeloma.

The standard of care is a combination of chemotherapy and radiation therapy. In most cases, treatment includes a combination of multiple therapies and drugs.

Multiple myeloma has no cure, but people can go into remission. People in remission must have regular follow-up testing to monitor for disease recurrence.

See the original post:
Multiple myeloma treatment: Newest options, drugs, and more - Medical News Today

The Human Embryonic Stem Cells Market research report provides detailed observation of several aspects, including the rate of growth, regional scope and recent developments by the primary market players. The report offers Porters Five Forces, PESTEL, and market analysis to provide a 360-degree research study on the global Human Embryonic Stem Cells market. The research study discusses about important market strategies, future plans, market share growth, and product portfolios of leading companies. The final report copy provides the impact analysis of novel COVID-19 pandemicon the Human Embryonic Stem Cells market as well as fluctuations during the forecast period.

Top Companies in the global Human Embryonic Stem Cells market areCellTherapies P/L, BioRestorative Therapies Inc., BrainStorm Cell Therapeutics Inc., NuVasive Inc., Beike Biotechnology, Cynata Therapeutics Ltd., Lonza Group Ltd., Kite Pharma Inc., Vericel Corporation, Sumanas, Aastrom Biosciences, Ocata Therapeutics Inc., Genlantis, Cesca Therapeutics Inc., Life Technologies Corporation, TiGenix N.V, Anterogen Co., Ltd, Orthofix International N.V., PromoCell and Other.

Click here to get the free sample copy of Human Embryonic Stem Cells market: https://www.marketinsightsreports.com/reports/03202712110/2020-2025-global-human-embryonic-stem-cells-market-report-production-and-consumption-professional-analysis-impact-of-covid-19/inquiry?Source=MW&Mode=72

By types market is divided into

Adult Sources

Fetal Sources

Others

By applications market is divided into

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Tissue repair damage

Autoimmune diseases

As gene therapy vectors.

Regional Analysis:Asia-Pacific (China, India, Japan, South Korea, Australia, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Others), North America (United States, Canada, and Mexico), Central & South America (Brazil, and Rest of South America), Europe (Germany, France, UK, Italy, Russia, and Rest of Europe), Middle East & Africa (GCC Countries, Turkey, Egypt, South Africa and Other)

(Exclusive Offer: Flat 25% Discount on this report)Browse full Human Embryonic Stem Cells market report description with TOC:https://www.marketinsightsreports.com/reports/03202712110/2020-2025-global-human-embryonic-stem-cells-market-report-production-and-consumption-professional-analysis-impact-of-covid-19?Source=MW&Mode=72

The Human Embryonic Stem Cells market report highlights are A comprehensive evaluation of all opportunities and risks in the market. Human Embryonic Stem Cells market current developments and significant occasions. A deep study of business techniques for the development of the market-driving players. Conclusive study about the improvement plot of the market for approaching years. Top to bottom approach of market-express drivers, targets, and major littler scale markets.

Important Features that are under Offering and Key Highlights of the Reports: Potential and niche segments/regions exhibiting promising growth. Detailed overview of Market Changing market dynamics of the industry In-depth market segmentation by Type, Application, etc. Historical, current, and projected market size in terms of volume and value Recent industry trends and developments Competitive landscape of Market Strategies of key players and product offerings

Free customization of the report: This report can be further customized according to the clients specific requirements. No additional charges will be added for limited additional research.

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Human Embryonic Stem Cells Market Share, Growth by Business Developments 2021 to 2025 CellTherapies P/L, BioRestorative Therapies Inc., BrainStorm...