Building Body Parts: Ears, Muscles and More!

BACKGROUND: According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, regenerative medicine is the next evolution of medical treatments. Regenerative medicine offers the potential for the body to heal itself. Scientists at the Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine in Winston-Salem, N.C., were the first in the world to engineer lab-grown organs that were successfully implanted into humans. Now, the team of researchers is working to engineer more than 30 different replacement tissues and organs to develop cell therapies with the goal of curing a variety of diseases. (SOURCE: Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine)

LAB-GROWN URETHRAS: Researchers from Wake Forest were the first in the world to use patients own cells to build tailor-made urine tubes in the lab and successfully replace damaged tissue in five boys in Mexico. The boys were unable to urinate due to a pelvic injury. After receiving the lab-grown urethras, all the boys continue to do well with normal or near-normal urinary flow. The urethras were grown on biodegradable mesh scaffolds made of a polyester compound. The scaffolds were seeded with cells taken from the patients own bladders and incubated in the lab for four to seven weeks. They were then used to repair damaged segments of the boys urethras. For us, really, our goal here at the Institute is really to try to complete technologies that we can get to patients to make their lives better, so anytime that were able to do that, improve the quality of patients lives, we feel like thats part of our mission, Anthony Atala, M.D., Director, Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, told Ivanhoe.

(SOURCE: Ivanhoe interview with Dr. Atala and WebMD article)

GROWING EARS: Scientists are working on printing ears in the lab. What we can do is we can take any three dimensional image of an ear, and it can be put into the computer, and that will generate an image within the printer that then prints that specific three dimensional structure, John Jackson, Ph.D., Associate Professor, Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, told Ivanhoe. Right now, implants that are commercially-available are hard and rigid. They also cause problems with erosion through the skin. The new, tailor-made ears are flexible and patient-specific. In animal studies, the lab-grown ears have been shown to cause less erosion. The next step is to print the ears for use in humans. To be able to take a structure, generate a 3D implant and have that as a potential treatment for a patient who has lost an ear, thats very exciting, Dr. Jackson told Ivanhoe.

(SOURCE: Ivanhoe interview with Dr. Jackson)

ENGINEERING MUSCLE: Researchers are also looking to see if they can engineer tissue that resembles muscle to repair small injuries in the body. They take biopsies from skeletal muscles and culture out the stem cells from the muscle. They then seed the cells onto a scaffold and condition the scaffold and a bioreactor to exercise muscle in-vitro. Then, they use that construct as an implant to accelerate regeneration and repair of injured muscle in the body. Scientists have been studying the engineered muscle in animals, and the next step is to try it in humans. For me, personally, its fantastic because you dont often get an opportunity to do research thats not only compelling but that can result in therapies that can help people on a daily basis and really improve their quality of life, George Christ, Ph.D., Professor of Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, told Ivanhoe.

(SOURCE: Ivanhoe interview with Dr. Christ)

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Building Body Parts: Ears, Muscles and More!