ScienceDaily (May 29, 2012) Researchers from South Korea, Sweden, and the United States have collaborated on a project to restore neuron function to parts of the brain damaged by Huntington's disease (HD) by successfully transplanting HD-induced pluripotent stem cells into animal models.

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be genetically engineered from human somatic cells such as skin, and can be used to model numerous human diseases. They may also serve as sources of transplantable cells that can be used in novel cell therapies. In the latter case, the patient provides a sample of his or her own skin to the laboratory.

In the current study, experimental animals with damage to a deep brain structure called the striatum (an experimental model of HD) exhibited significant behavioral recovery after receiving transplanted iPS cells. The researchers hope that this approach eventually could be tested in patients for the treatment of HD.

"The unique features of the iPSC approach means that the transplanted cells will be genetically identical to the patient and therefore no medications that dampen the immune system to prevent graft rejection will be needed," said Jihwan Song, D.Phil. Associate Professor and Director of Laboratory of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology at CHA Stem Cell Institute, CHA University, Seoul, South Korea and co-author of the study.

The study, published online this week in Stem Cells, found that transplanted iPSCs initially formed neurons producing GABA, the chief inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system, which plays a critical role in regulating neuronal excitability and acts at inhibitory synapses in the brain. GABAergic neurons, located in the striatum, are the cell type most susceptible to degeneration in HD.

Another key point in the study involves the new disease models for HD presented by this method, allowing researchers to study the underlying disease process in detail. Being able to control disease development from such an early stage, using iPS cells, may provide important clues about the very start of disease development in HD. An animal model that closely imitates the real conditions of HD also opens up new and improved opportunities for drug screening.

"Having created a model that mimics HD progression from the initial stages of the disease provides us with a unique experimental platform to study Huntington's disease pathology" said Patrik Brundin, M.D., Ph.D., Director of the Center for Neurodegenerative Science at Van Andel Research Institute (VARI), Head of the Neuronal Survival Unit at Lund University, Sweden, and co-author of the study.

Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative genetic disorder that affects muscle coordination and leads to cognitive decline and psychiatric problems. It typically becomes noticeable in mid-adult life, with symptoms beginning between 35 and 44 years of age. Life expectancy following onset of visual symptoms is about 20 years. The worldwide prevalence of HD is 5-10 cases per 100,000 persons. Key to the disease process is the formation of specific protein aggregates (essentially abnormal clumps) inside some neurons.

Share this story on Facebook, Twitter, and Google:

Other social bookmarking and sharing tools:

Continue reading here:
Neuron function restored in brains damaged by Huntington's disease

29 May 2012 Last updated at 06:31 ET

An umbilical cord donor centre which will harvest stems cells to treat people with leukaemia is being set up at a Birmingham hospital.

The Anthony Nolan charity will run the centre at Birmingham Women's Hospital.

The charity said it had already recruited a supervising midwife for the centre and that the collectors would be in place within a month.

The centre, the first of its kind in the West Midlands, is expected to open in September.

Guy Parkes, from the Anthony Nolan charity, said a collection unit at a hospital cost more than 200,000 a year to run.

He said: "Instead of being incinerated, which is what usually happens, the cord is passed to one of our collectors who extracts the blood and that is sent to our centre in Nottingham where the stem cells are extracted."

The harvested stem cells have to be frozen to minus 180C for storage.

One in every 100 umbilical cords saved will be used to transplant stem cells, according to Mr Parkes.

A Worcestershire mother is raising money for the centre, after her son, who has leukaemia, was treated with stem cells from the US.

Continue reading here:
Umbilical cord donor unit to open

CAMBRIDGE, Mass.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--

Verastem, Inc., (VSTM) a biopharmaceutical company focused on discovering and developing drugs to treat breast and other cancers by targeting cancer stem cells, announced the presentation of preclinical data at the American Society of Clinical Oncology Annual Meeting being held June 1 through June 5, 2012, in Chicago, IL.

Verastem will present data on novel biomarkers that may enable improved discrimination of cancer stem cells from other cancer cells and normal tissue. Verastem will describe the use of multiple methodologies, including RNA signatures and alternative splicing biomarkers, to detect cancer stem cells. These biomarkers identified Triple Negative Breast Cancer tumors that were likely to recur following standard chemotherapy. Resistance to standard treatment is one of the defining characteristics of cancer stem cells.

Verastem is developing diagnostics to identify patients whose tumors have a high percentage of cancer stem cells. These diagnostics may also be used to monitor a patients response to treatment.

The schedule for the Verastem poster presentation is as follows:

Date & Time: Saturday June 2, 8:00 AM to 12:00 PM (CDT) Poster Title: Use of gene expression and alternative splicing signatures to discriminate breast cancer stem cells from fibroblasts Abstract Number: 1057 Location: McCormick Place South (Hall A2) Session: Breast Cancer - Triple-negative/Cytotoxics/Local Therapy

About Verastem, Inc.

Verastem, Inc. (VSTM) is a biopharmaceutical company focused on discovering and developing drugs to treat breast and other cancers by targeting cancer stem cells. Cancer stem cells are an underlying cause of tumor recurrence and metastasis. Verastem is translating discoveries in cancer stem cell research into new medicines for the treatment of major cancers such as breast cancer. For more information please visit http://www.verastem.com.

Forward-looking statements:

Any statements in this press release about our strategy, future operations, future financial position, future expectations and plans and prospects for the Company, and other statements containing the words anticipate, believe, estimate, expect, intend, may, plan, predict, project, target, potential, will, would, could, should, continue, and similar expressions, constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements in this press release include statements about the identification of potential biomarkers for use in patient selection and evaluation of therapeutic response. Actual results may differ materially from those indicated by such forward-looking statements as result of various important factors, including the unproven nature of our approach to the discovery and development of product candidates that target cancer stem cells, our reliance on our proprietary compound screening technology for drug discovery, our strategy to acquire or in-license additional compounds and product candidates and the uncertainties inherent in preclinical testing and clinical trials, among other factors discussed in the Risk Factors section of the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2012, which is on file with the Securities and Exchange Commission. In addition, the forward-looking statements included in this press release represent the Companys views only as of the date hereof. The Company anticipates that subsequent events and developments will cause the Companys views to change. However, while the Company may elect to update these forward-looking statements at some point in the future, the Company specifically disclaims any obligation to do so. These forward-looking statements should not be relied upon as representing the Companys views as of any date subsequent to the date hereof.

Read more from the original source:
Verastem to Present Scientific Data at the 2012 ASCO Annual Meeting

ARLINGTON HEIGHTS, Ill., May 29, 2012 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Adipose stem cells (ACSs)--stem cells derived from fat--are a promising source of cells for use in plastic surgery and regenerative medicine, according to a special review in the June issue of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery(R), the official medical journal of the American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS).

But much more research is needed to establish the safety and effectiveness of any type of ASC therapy in human patients, according to the article by ASPS Member Surgeon Rod Rohrich, MD of University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, and colleagues. Dr. Rohrich is Editor-in-Chief of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery.

Adipose Stem Cells--Exciting Possibilities, but Proceed with Caution

The authors present an up-to-date review of research on the science and clinical uses of ASCs. Relatively easily derived from human fat, ASCs are "multipotent" cells that can be induced to develop into other kinds of cells--not only fat cells, but also bone, cartilage and muscle cells.

Adipose stem cells promote the development of new blood vessels (angiogenesis) and seem to represent an "immune privileged" set of cells that blocks inflammation. "Clinicians and patients alike have high expectations that ASCs may well be the answer to curing many recalcitrant diseases or to reconstruct anatomical defects," according to Dr. Rohrich and co-authors.

However, even as the number of studies using ASCs increases, there is continued concern about their "true clinical potential." The reviewers write, "For example, there are questions related to isolation and purification of ASCs, their effect on tumor growth, and the enforcement of FDA regulations."

Dr. Rohrich and co-authors performed an in-depth review to identify all known clinical trials of ASCs. So far, most studies have been performed in Europe and Korea; reflecting stringent FDA regulations, only three ASC studies have been performed in the United States to date.

Many Different Uses, But Little Experience So Far

Most ASC clinical trials to date have been performed in plastic surgery--a field with "unique privileged access to adipose tissues." Plastic surgeon-researchers have used ASCs for several types of soft tissue augmentation, such as breast augmentation (including after implant removal) and regeneration of fat in patients with abnormal fat loss (lipodystrophy). Studies exploring the use of ASCs to promote healing of difficult wounds have been reported as well. They have also been used as a method of soft tissue engineering or tissue regeneration, with inconclusive results.

In other specialties, ASCs have been studied for use in treating certain blood and immunologic disorders, heart and vascular problems, and fistulas. Some studies have explored the use of ASCs for generating new bone for use in reconstructive surgery. A few studies have reported promising preliminary results in the treatment of diabetes, multiple sclerosis, and spinal cord injury. No serious adverse events related to ASCs were reported in either group of studies.

Read more:
Fat-Derived Stem Cells Show Promise for Regenerative Medicine, Says Review in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery(R)

Public release date: 29-May-2012 [ | E-mail | Share ]

Contact: Tim Hawkins Tim.Hawkins@vai.org 616-234-5519 Van Andel Research Institute

Grand Rapids, Mich. (May 29, 2012) Researchers from South Korea, Sweden, and the United States have collaborated on a project to restore neuron function to parts of the brain damaged by Huntington's disease (HD) by successfully transplanting HD-induced pluripotent stem cells into animal models.

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be genetically engineered from human somatic cells such as skin, and can be used to model numerous human diseases. They may also serve as sources of transplantable cells that can be used in novel cell therapies. In the latter case, the patient provides a sample of his or her own skin to the laboratory.

In the current study, experimental animals with damage to a deep brain structure called the striatum (an experimental model of HD) exhibited significant behavioral recovery after receiving transplanted iPS cells. The researchers hope that this approach eventually could be tested in patients for the treatment of HD.

"The unique features of the iPSC approach means that the transplanted cells will be genetically identical to the patient and therefore no medications that dampen the immune system to prevent graft rejection will be needed," said Jihwan Song, D.Phil. Associate Professor and Director of Laboratory of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology at CHA Stem Cell Institute, CHA University, Seoul, South Korea and co-author of the study.

The study, published online this week in Stem Cells, found that transplanted iPSCs initially formed neurons producing GABA, the chief inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system, which plays a critical role in regulating neuronal excitability and acts at inhibitory synapses in the brain. GABAergic neurons, located in the striatum, are the cell type most susceptible to degeneration in HD.

Another key point in the study involves the new disease models for HD presented by this method, allowing researchers to study the underlying disease process in detail. Being able to control disease development from such an early stage, using iPS cells, may provide important clues about the very start of disease development in HD. An animal model that closely imitates the real conditions of HD also opens up new and improved opportunities for drug screening.

"Having created a model that mimics HD progression from the initial stages of the disease provides us with a unique experimental platform to study Huntington's disease pathology" said Patrik Brundin, M.D., Ph.D., Director of the Center for Neurodegenerative Science at Van Andel Research Institute (VARI), Head of the Neuronal Survival Unit at Lund University, Sweden, and co-author of the study.

Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative genetic disorder that affects muscle coordination and leads to cognitive decline and psychiatric problems. It typically becomes noticeable in mid-adult life, with symptoms beginning between 35 and 44 years of age. Life expectancy following onset of visual symptoms is about 20 years. The worldwide prevalence of HD is 5-10 cases per 100,000 persons. Key to the disease process is the formation of specific protein aggregates (essentially abnormal clumps) inside some neurons.

Excerpt from:
Researchers restore neuron function to brains damaged by Huntington's disease

DALLAS, May 29 (UPI) -- Stem cells derived from fat may be a promising source of cells for use in plastic surgery and regenerative medicine, U.S. researchers say.

Dr. Rod Rohrich of the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas said adipose stem cells are "multipotent" cells that can be induced to develop into other kinds of cells -- not only fat cells, but also bone, cartilage and muscle cells.

Adipose stem cells -- relatively easily derived from human fat -- promote the development of new blood vessels and seem to represent an "immune privileged" set of cells that blocks inflammation, Rohrich said.

"Clinicians and patients alike have high expectations that adipose stem cells might well be the answer to curing many recalcitrant diseases or to reconstruct anatomical defects," Rohrich said in a statement.

Rohrich and co-authors conducted an in-depth review to identify all known clinical trials of adipose stem cells, but most studies have been performed in Europe and South Korea. Only three adipose stem cells studies were performed in the United States due to stringent U.S. Food and Drug Administration regulations, Rohrich said.

Although many of the results were encouraging, the reviewers emphasize that all of these applications are in their infancy and worldwide round the world, fewer than 300 patients were treated using adipose stem cells, the study said.

The findings are scheduled to be published in the June issue of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery.

Continue reading here:
Fat-derived stem cells encouraging

SAN DIEGO, May 29, 2012 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- via PRWEB - Stemedica Cell Technologies, Inc. announced today that its strategic partner in Mexico, Grupo Angeles Health Services, has received approval from Mexico's regulatory agency, COFEPRIS, for a Phase I/II single-blind randomized clinical trial for chronic heart failure. COFEPRIS is the Mexican equivalent of the United States FDA. The clinical trial, to be conducted at multiple hospital sites throughout Mexico, will utilize Stemedica's adult allogeneic ischemia tolerant mesenchymal stem cells (itMSC) delivered via intravenous infusion. The trial will involve three safety cohorts at different dosages, followed by a larger group being treated with the maximum safe dosage. The COFEPRIS approval is the second approval for the use of Stemedica's itMSCs. COFEPRIS approved Stemedica's itMSCs in 2010 for a clinical trial for ischemic stroke. These two trials are the only allogeneic stem cell studies approved by COFEPRIS.

Grupo Angeles is a Mexican company that is 100% integrated into the national healthcare development effort. The company is comprised of 24 state-of-the-art hospitals totaling more than 2,000 beds and 200 operating rooms. Eleven thousand Groupo Angeles physicians annually treat nearly five million patients a year. Of these, more than two million are seen as in-patients. In just over two decades, Groupo Angeles has radically transformed the practice of private medicine in Mexico and contributed decisively to reform in the country's health system. Grupo Angeles hospitals conduct an estimated 100 clinical trials annually, primarily with major global pharmaceutical and medical device companies.

"We are pleased that we will be working with the largest and most prestigious private medical institution in Mexico to study Stemedica's product for this indication. If successful, our stem cells may provide a treatment option for the millions of patients, both in Mexico and internationally, who suffer from this condition," said Maynard Howe, PhD, CEO of Stemedica Cell Technologies, Inc.

Roberto Simon, MD, CEO of Grupo Angeles Health Services, noted, "We are proud to be the first organization to bring regulatory-approved allogeneic stem cell treatment to the people of Mexico. We envision that this type of treatment may well become a standard for improving cardiac status for chronic heart failure patients and are pleased to be partnering with Stemedica, one of the leading companies in the field of regenerative medicine."

Nikolai Tankovich, MD, PhD, President and Chief Medical Officer of Stemedica commented, "For the more than five million North Americans who suffer from chronic heart failure, this is an important trial. Our ischemia tolerant mesenchymal stem cells hold the potential to improve ejection fraction--the amount of blood pumped with each heart beat--and therefore, dramatically improve quality of life."

For more information about Stemedica please contact Dave McGuigan at dmcguigan(at)stemedica(dot)com. For more information about Grupo Angeles and the chronic heart failure trial please contact Paulo Yberri at pyberri(at)angelesehealth(dot)com.

About Stemedica Cell Technologies, Inc. Stemedica Cell Technologies, Inc.(http://www.stemedica.com) is a specialty bio-pharmaceutical company committed to the manufacturing and development of best-in-class allogeneic adult stem cells and stem cell factors for use by approved research institutions and hospitals for pre-clinical and clinical (human) trials. The company is a government licensed manufacturer of clinical grade stem cells and is approved by the FDA for its clinical trials for ischemic stroke. Stemedica is currently developing regulatory pathways for a number of medical indications using adult allogeneic stem cells. The Company is headquartered in San Diego, California.

This article was originally distributed on PRWeb. For the original version including any supplementary images or video, visit http://www.prweb.com/releases/stemedica-clinical-trial/chronic-heart-failure/prweb9550806.htm

See the original post:
Stemedica Stem Cells Approved for Clinical Trials in Mexico for Chronic Heart Failure