By  Amy Norton  HealthDay Reporter  
    WEDNESDAY, July 30, 2014 (HealthDay News) -- Babies born with    so-called "bubble boy" disease can often be cured with a stem    cell transplant, regardless of the donor -- but early treatment    is critical, a new study finds.  
    Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), as the condition is    medically known, actually refers to a group of rare genetic    disorders that all but eliminate the immune system. That leaves    children at high risk of severe infections.  
    The term "bubble boy" became popular after a Texas boy with    SCID lived in a plastic bubble to ward off infections. The boy,    David Vetter, died in 1984 at the age of 12, after an    unsuccessful bone marrow transplant -- an attempt to give him a    functioning immune system.  
    Today, children with SCID have a high chance of survival if    they receive an early stem cell transplant, researchers report    in the July 31 issue of the New England Journal of    Medicine.  
    In the best-case scenario, a child would get stem cells -- the    blood-forming cells within bone marrow -- from a sibling who is    a perfect match for certain immune-system genes.  
    But that's not always an option, partly because kids with SCID    are often their parents' first child, said Dr. John Cunningham,    director of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation at the    University of Chicago Comer Children's Hospital. He was not    involved in the study.  
    In those cases, doctors typically turn to a parent -- who is    usually a "half" match, but whose stem cells can be purified to    improve the odds of success. Sometimes, stem cells from an    unrelated, genetically matched donor can be used.  
    The good news: Regardless of the donor, children with SCID can    frequently be cured, according to the new findings. But early    detection and treatment is vital.  
    "These findings show that if you do these transplants early --    before [the age of] 3.5 months, in a child without infection --    the results are really quite comparable to what you have with a    matched sibling," said lead researcher Dr. Richard O'Reilly,    chief of the pediatric bone marrow transplant service at    Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York City.  
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Early Stem Cell Transplant Vital in 'Bubble Boy' Disease