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Scientists one step closer to creating human egg, sperm

Posted: December 27, 2014 at 8:52 am

WASHINGTON (Xinhua) Israeli and British researchers said Wednesday they have successfully used human cells to create primordial germ cells that develop into egg and sperm for the first time.

The study, published in the US. journal Cell, could help yield insight into fertility problems and early stages of embryonic development and potentially, in the future, enable the development of new kinds of reproductive technology.

Researchers have been attempting to create human primordial germ cells (PGCs) in the petri dish for years, said Jacob Hanna of Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel, who led the study.

PGCs arise within the early weeks of embryonic growth, as the embryonic stem cells in the fertilized egg begin to differentiate into the very basic cell types. Once these primordial cells become specified, they continue developing toward precursor sperm cells or ova pretty much on autopilot, said Hanna.

The idea of creating these cells took off with the 2006 invention of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells adult cells that are reprogrammed to look and act like embryonic stem cells, which can then differentiate into any cell type.

Several years ago, researchers in Japan successfully got mouse iPS cells to differentiate into PGCs, but efforts to replicate the achievement in human cells have failed.

The researchers found that the mouse embryonic cells are easily kept in their stem cell state in the lab, while human iPS cells have a strong drive to differentiate.

In the new study, Hannas team created a method to tune down the genetic pathway for this differentiation, thus creating a new type of iPS cell that they dubbed naive cells.

These naive cells appeared to rejuvenate iPS cells one step further, closer to the original embryonic state from which they can truly differentiate into any cell type, Hanna said.

Together with the lab group of Professor Azim Surani of Cambridge University, the researchers found using this method they were able to convert up to 40 percent of the iPS cells into PGC cells.

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UW-Madison Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Center

Posted: December 27, 2014 at 8:50 am

Our Stem Cell Learning Lab was made possible through a grant from the Ira and Ineva Reilly Baldwin Wisconsin Idea Endowment. Through this effort, we seek to build a greater understanding of stem cell research and regenerative medicine into school and community science outreach programs in Wisconsin. Our UW-Madison stem cell outreach labs are among the very few in the country and continue to place Madison at the forefront of stem cell research education and science education. We hope teachers will be able to take advantage of our opportunities and provide more of these unique experiences to their students.

Through this hands-on experience, either in our lab at the Biotechnology Center or at schools and science fairs, learners use the same equipment and methods stem cell researchers use to prepare and grow their cells. Our participants, however, use realistic cell and media substitutes due to biosafety and contamination concerns in public settings. To help your visit run smoothly, please provide us information by filling in this form, then mail it to us.

Our outreach programs are also part of many existing UW-Madison science programs, including Science Expeditions, Science Olympiad, the Wisconsin Science Festival, Grandparents University and UW Day at the Wisconsin State Fair. Our Stem Cell Learning Lab is a collaboration among the Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, Biotechnology Center,WiCell, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Student Society for Stem Cell Research(SSSCR), the Wisconsin Stem Cell Roundtable(WiSCR), and Morgridge Outreach Experiences.

Since 2009, our stem cell outreach programs have reached more than 16,000 learners.

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UW-Madison Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Center

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Scientists create artificial human eggs and sperm

Posted: December 27, 2014 at 8:46 am

A group of scientists has created artificial human sperm and eggs using human embryonic stem cells and skin cells. While researchers have already previously accomplished this using rodents, this is the first time they were able to replicate the process with human cells.

Their final products were not actually working sperm and eggs, but rather germ cells that potentially could mature and become viable for fertility. The study's findings were published Wednesday in the journal Cell.

"Germ cells are 'immortal' in the sense that they provide an enduring link between all generations, carrying genetic information from one generation to the next," Azim Surani, PhD, professor of physiology and reproduction at the University of Cambridge, said in a press release.

16 Photos

Sperm wear hard hats and live for days? It's true, and that's just the beginning...

When an egg is fertilized by a sperm, it begins to divide into a group of cells called a blastocyst, which is the stage right before the embryo is formed. Some of the cells inside this blastocyst cluster will develop into a fetus, while others eventually become the placenta.

Some cells are set up to become stem cells, which will then have the potential to develop into any type of cell in the body. And some cells in the fetus become primordial germ cells and eventually evolve into the cells of either sperm or eggs, which will allow this offspring to pass their genes on to a future generation.

In the study, the researchers identified a single gene known as SOX17, which is directly responsible for ordering human stem cells to become the cells that will turn into sperm and eggs. The scientists say this discovery on its own is surprising, because this gene is not involved in the creation of primordial cells in rodents. In humans, the SOX17 gene is also involved in helping to develop cells of the lungs, gut and pancreas.

The scientists harvested these cells by culturing human embryonic stem cells for five days. They then showed that the same process could be replicated using adult skin cells.

This doesn't mean men and women will soon be donating skin cells rather than sperm and egg at fertility clinics. Eventually, however, the findings could open the door to more intensive research on human genetics and certain cancers, and could impact fertility treatments sometime in the future.

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Freezing newborns own stem cells for possible future use

Posted: December 26, 2014 at 3:51 pm

CORDLIFE is now the largest network of private cord blood banks in Asia Pacific with state-of-the-art cord-blood and tissue processing and cryopreservation facilities in the country.

Once considered a medical waste, the blood left in the umbilical cordthe part of the placenta that delivers nutrients to a fetusafter a baby is delivery is now known to be a rich source of blood-forming stem cells.

These cells have been found to be potentially useful in treating diseases that require stem cell transplants (also called bone marrow transplants) such as certain kinds of leukemia or lymphoma, aplastic anemia (a blood disorder in which the bodys bone marrow doesnt make enough new blood cells), severe sickle cell disease and severe combined immunodeficiency.

Unlike with bone marrow, which is obtained through a painful medical procedure, there is only one chance to collect this seemingly precious stuff: immediately after the babys birth.

This is why a number of expectant parents in the country are being offered a chance to save stem cells from their babys umbilical cord blood via what is known as cord-blood banking.

Safeguard

Cordlife Philippines medical director Arvin Faundo said: Its a type of safeguard because the genetically unique stem cells have current and potential uses in medical treatment. No parent wishes his/her child to experience the heartbreaking effects of any illness. What we at Cordlife offer them is the chance to prepare for potential eventualitiesto secure the future well-being and happiness of their family.

Cordlife Philippines is a subsidiary of Cordlife Group Ltd., a company listed on the Singapore Exchange. Launched in February 2010 as the Philippines first and only cord-blood processing and cryopreservation facility, its facility was ISO-certified and built in accordance to global gold standards such as the American Association of Blood Banks.

The 365-day facility, located within UP-Ayala Land TechnoHub in Quezon City, is equipped with the worlds most advanced fully automated cord-blood processing system, the Swiss-made Sepax.

CordLife uses the US FDA-approved cryogenic storage pouch.

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Freezing newborns own stem cells for possible future use

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Did stem cells really help Gordie Howe?

Posted: December 26, 2014 at 3:47 pm

Dr. Murray Howe and his hockey great father, Gordie Howe, on a fishing trip in Saskatchewan in 2013.

Hockey legend Gordie Howe is making a dramatic recovery from a serious stroke thanks to stem cell therapy developed by San Diego-based Stemedica, his family says. Some medical scientists aren't so sure, however.

Howe, 86, suffered the stroke in late October, leaving him unable to walk and disoriented. He began improving within hours after receiving the stem cells in early December, said Dr. Murray Howe, a radiologist and one of Howes sons. For example, Howe insisted on walking to the bathroom, which he previously could not do.

"If I did not witness my father's astonishing response, I would not have believed it myself," Murray Howe said by email Thursday. "Our father had one foot in the grave on December 1. He could not walk, and was barely able to talk or eat."

"Our father's progress continues," the email continued. "Today, Christmas, I spoke with him on FaceTime. I asked him what Santa brought him. He said 'A headache.' I told him I was flying down to see him in a week. He said, 'Thanks for the warning.'"

Howe is receiving speech and physical therapy at his home in Lubbock, Texas, and his therapists say he is much better than before receiving the stem cells.

Howe received the treatment from Novastem, a Mexican stem cell company that has licensed the use of Stemedica's cells for clinical trials approved by the Mexican government. Howe was given neural stem cells to help his brain repair damage, and stem cells derived from bone marrow to improve blood circulation in the brain. The procedure took place at Novastem's Clinica Santa Clarita in Tijuana.

Such use of unproven stem cell therapies outside the U.S. clinical trial system draws objections from some American health care professionals. They warn of the potential for abuse, say there's a lack of rigorous scientific standards, and call for tighter federal regulation of the proliferation of stem cell treatments.

Nevertheless, patients with ailments that don't response to approved treatments continue to seek such care. These patients and families say they have the right to make their own judgments. And they may not have time to wait for proof, so they're willing to take a chance.

Stemedica says it follows U.S. government law, and requires those licensing its stem cells in foreign countries to obey the laws of those countries.

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Knee Cartilage Repair With Tissue Engineered Scaffold To Hold Patient’s Own Stem Cells – Video

Posted: December 26, 2014 at 2:40 pm


Knee Cartilage Repair With Tissue Engineered Scaffold To Hold Patient #39;s Own Stem Cells
Cartilage in the knee can get damaged by sporting injuries (different from wear and tear in the older patient). These injuries respond very well to stem cell procedures when coupled with tissue...

By: Orthopaedic Clinic, Singapore - Limb Salvage and Revision Arthroplasty Surgery Pte Ltd

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Knee Cartilage Repair With Tissue Engineered Scaffold To Hold Patient's Own Stem Cells - Video

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SWS – Episode 3 – Stem Cell Biology – Video

Posted: December 26, 2014 at 2:40 pm


SWS - Episode 3 - Stem Cell Biology
You #39;ve heard about brain cells. You #39;ve heard about skin cells. You #39;ve heard about stem cells. Here #39;s some stem cells. Here #39;s the link to a video I made explaining the basics of stem cell biology....

By: ScienceWhileSciencing

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SWS - Episode 3 - Stem Cell Biology - Video

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Knee Cartilage Repair With Tissue Engineered Scaffold To Hold Patient's Own Stem Cells – Video

Posted: December 26, 2014 at 12:49 am


Knee Cartilage Repair With Tissue Engineered Scaffold To Hold Patient #39;s Own Stem Cells
Cartilage in the knee can get damaged by sporting injuries (different from wear and tear in the older patient). These injuries respond very well to stem cell procedures when coupled with tissue...

By: Orthopaedic Clinic, Singapore - Limb Salvage and Revision Arthroplasty Surgery Pte Ltd

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Knee Cartilage Repair With Tissue Engineered Scaffold To Hold Patient's Own Stem Cells - Video

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Scientists create human primordial cells in the lab

Posted: December 26, 2014 at 12:49 am

CAMBRIDGE, England, Dec. 25 (UPI) -- The first time in history, researchers have successfully used human embryonic stem cells to create primordial germ cells, cells that divide and mature into egg and sperm. Previously, the feat had been accomplished using rodent stem cells -- not those from a human embryo.

"Researchers have been attempting to create human primordial germ cells (PGCs) in the petri dish for years," leader author Jacob Hanna, a researcher in the Institute's Molecular Genetics Department, said in a released statement.

Stem cells are undifferentiated biological cells capable of dividing and transforming into specialized cells. They are the most basic of biological building blocks.

"The creation of primordial germ cells is one of the earliest events during early mammalian development," study co-author Naoko Irie, researcher at the Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute at the University of Cambridge, said in a press release.

"It's a stage we've managed to recreate using stem cells from mice and rats, but until now few researches have done this systematically using human stem cells," Irie added.

Researchers say the newly realized feat has revealed differences between embryo development in humans and rodents -- discrepancies that could undermine studies that extrapolate mice and rat-based evidence to human-related conclusions.

"Having the ability to create human PGCs in the petri dish will enable us to investigate the process of differentiation on the molecular level," Hanna said.

The research was published this week in the journal Cell.

2014 United Press International, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Any reproduction, republication, redistribution and/or modification of any UPI content is expressly prohibited without UPI's prior written consent.

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STAP cells claimed by Obokata were likely embryonic stem cells

Posted: December 26, 2014 at 12:49 am

An investigative panel under the government-backed Riken research institute announced Friday that the so-called STAP stem cells described in the research papers lead-authored by Haruko Obokata were created from embryonic stem (ES) cells.

It also said it discovered two more cases of research misconduct by the embattled scientist.

The panel concluded STAP stem cells . . . were derived from ES cells, based on examinations of the remaining samples, Isao Katsura, director general of the National Institute of Genetics and head of the seven-member panel, told reporters Friday in Tokyo.

Katsura also noted that the chimera mice and teratomas claimed to be developed from STAP cells were highly likely to be generated from ES cells.

However, the panel was unable to reach a conclusion on who introduced the embryonic stem cells, or whether they were introduced deliberately or by accident, citing insufficient evidence.

Moreover, the panel, which had been investigating the two papers on stimulus-triggered acquisition of pluripotency published in the British journal Nature, found two fresh instances of research misconduct by Obokata, in connection with data in one of the papers.

We concluded Obokata fabricated data for two charts on growth curves of (STAP stem) cells and DNA methylation, Katsura said.

The findings add to two counts of research misconduct found to have been committed by the 31-year-old biologist by another Riken panel earlier this year. This, along with other allegations of misconduct, prompted Riken to set up the panel headed by Katsura in September. Obokata resigned from the institute Sunday.

Meanwhile, Katsura said that Teruhiko Wakayama and Hitoshi Niwa, two of the co-authors of the STAP papers subject to the panels review, were not involved in any misconduct. He added that Yoshiki Sasai, another co-author who oversaw Obokatas writing, was not investigated because he committed suicide in August.

The Nature papers published in January claimed that the team of scientists led by Obokata found a groundbreaking method of stem cell generation, but they were retracted in July.

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