While tech giant Google continues to struggle to make a contact lens for monitoring diabetes,researchers at Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) in South Korea have offered up at least one part of the puzzle: better wearability. Through the use of a hybrid film made from graphene and silver nanowires, the UNIST researchers have made contact lenses for detecting multiple biomarkers that are clear and flexible.

In research described in the journal Nature Communications, the UNIST researchers used graphene-nanowire hybrid films to serve as conducting, transparent, and stretchable electrodes. While the hybrid film alone does not perform any detection, the electrodes do ensure that the electrodes in the contact lenses dont obscure vision and that theyre flexible enough to make wearingthe lenses comfortable.

In addition to offering better transparency and comfort, the contact lenses developed by the UNIST researchers depart from previous contact lens sensors in that theyreable to detect multiple biomarkers. This contact lens should be able to pick up indictorsfor intraocular pressure, diabetes mellitus, and other health conditions, according to the researchers.

To detect intraocular pressure, a dielectric layer is sandwiched between two hybrid films. In this arrangement, the films now become a capacitor that responds to intraocular pressure. At high intraocular pressure, the thickness of the dielectric layer decreases, resulting in the increased capacitance. High intraocular pressure also increases the inductance of the antenna coil by bi-axial lateral expansion.

For detecting glucose, the top hybrid film layeris exposed to tears and detects glucose. In a selected region of the film, the researchers removed the nanowires so only graphene remained. The surface of graphene was then coated with an enzyme that binds selectively to glucose.Thisbinding changes the resistance of the graphene.

The changes of resistance, inductance and capacitance in these two detection modes can be monitored wirelesslyin real-time.

One of the challenging aspects of the research was the glucose sensor, according to the researchers. In tears, there are many interfering ions and molecules that potentially cause false positive responses, explained Chang Young Lee, an assistant professor at UNIST and co-author of the study, in an email interview with IEEE Spectrum. We need to test the selectivity and long-term reliability of the glucose sensor. The effort includes designing and finding a molecule that selectively binds to glucose, which is another large research area.

Lee envisions this research as a novel platform that will enableintegration of glucose sensor onto a soft contact lens. Measuring the glucose accurately and reliably is another large research area, Lee added. A good glucose sensor developed by another researcher, for example, can easily be integrated onto our platform.

In this novel platform, both the graphene and the silver nanowires contribute indispensible properties. The silver nanowires offer a one-dimensional (1D) conducting material, and by creating a network (mesh) of it, its possible to make a transparent, conducting, and flexible film. However, the film made of silver nanowires alone has limitations, such as high contact resistance at the nanowire-nanowire junctions, low breakdown voltages, poor adhesion to flexible substrates, and oxidation in harsh environments.

This is where the two-dimensional (2D) graphene comes in, with its properties of being highly transparent, conducting and flexible. By creating a hybrid structure of graphene and nanowires, the limitations of the nanowires are overcome. The key is in the hybrid of 1D and 2D structures, added Lee.

IEEE Spectrums nanotechnology blog, featuring news and analysis about the development, applications, and future of science and technology at the nanoscale.

Controlling the electrical current for heating graphene allows sound frequencies to be mixed together, amplified, and equalized 5May

Technique opens up potential of tailoring material properties nearly atom-by-atom 2May

Discovery could be the answer to the demands for increasing information storage density as device feature sizes decrease 26Apr

Technique could reduce costs for compound semiconductor circuits and lead to new devices 24Apr

The new molybdenum disulfide microprocessor has 115 transistors 11Apr

A graphene photodetector can pinpoint the position of light that falls far from it 10Apr

Researchers at SLAC are leveraging X-rays to enable the next generation of batteries and photovoltaics 5Apr

Diamondoids are showing promise in applications as divergent as electron guns and quantum computing 31Mar

The electronic skin is touch-sensitive and could be inexpensively manufactured 30Mar

Stanford researchers are getting a lot of mileage from nanomaterials by analyzing market needs 29Mar

The elliptical shape makes the lasing process easier 20Mar

Japanese materials company prototypes a 26.3 percent efficient silicon cell, steps away from the 29 percent theoretical maximum 20Mar

Otherlabs self-fluffing fabric changes its insulation in response to temperature 18Mar

Development is incremental in molecular nanotechnology, but it is coming along slowly 14Mar

New encoding method makes it possible to come close to the theoretical maximum for DNA data storage 2Mar

Replacing high-voltage power source with nanogenerators increases sensitivity to new records 27Feb

First borophene-based heterostructure should guide future work with borophene in nanoelectronic applications 23Feb

Five teams, four rockets, and 380,000 kilometers togo 22Feb

Current can literally blow copper interconnects away, but graphene could keep them intact 17Feb

Biocompatibile inks open up medical devices for inkjet-printed devices 2Feb

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Smart Contact Lens Detects Diabetes and Glaucoma - IEEE Spectrum

KING 7:00 AM. PDT May 05, 2017

Bob Marley's nephew, Charles Mattocks, is launching a reality show on Discovery.

Just like his uncle, Bob Marley, Charles Mattocks is on a mission to motivate, inspire and educate people but this time with diabetes.

After being diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes eight years ago, Mattocks was forced to be his own advocate. His doctor prescribed medication but didn't specify a plan to help him control the disease.

"He didn't give me any information as far as what to look for, follow up with, what to eat, what to do next. He just gave me medication," explained Mattocks.

The celebrity chef turned TV producer lost weight, is now off medication and his diabetes is under control. But he knows there are many people living with diabetes who are still struggling with their health because of a lack of education.

That's why he became passionate about leading the fight against diabetes and wrote a cookbook and produced a documentary.

Now, he's about to launch the first ever diabetes reality TV show called "Reversed" on Discovery Life Channel.

"I thought if we brought people in a house, and bring in all the experts that they would need to see over a year's time, like endocrinologists, nutritionists, dieticians, and bring them in one house and be able to inspire them and also educate them, what would we have?" Mattocks said.

Mattocks brought five contestants into one house in Jamaica to help them reverse their unhealthy habits.

After spending time with experts, they went home and began making changes.

Mattocks lights up when he talks about the life-changing results for two of the contestants, including one named Margie.

"When I first met her, she said she didn't like green leafy vegetables. She said she was allergic to green leafy vegetables," said Mattocks. "Now she's sending me pictures of her eating salads and green leafy vegetables and juicing and exercising."

Mattocks hopes the show reaches thousands of people and inspires them to make changes in their own lives.

" When I think of what we really did, and I think of where they might have been over the next couple of years, it moves me," said Mattocks.

"Reversed" airs in July on the Discovery Life Channel.

2017 KING-TV

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Bob Marley's nephew to launch reality TV show on diabetes - KING5.com

Its not the everyday worries that normal people stress about. Diabetes makes you worry about it every day, all day. My husband is quick to ask Can you change what youre worrying about? and when I confirm that I cant,

DAs of 2016, the United States has one of the lowest labor-participation rates among prime working-aged men living in developed countries, trailing only Italy. About 89% of men aged 25-54 are currently working or looking for work, compared to over

For a former college athlete, Ephraim Smiley doesnt really care for exercise.

The 6-foot-3 defensive end loved playing football for Butler University in the 1970s, enough so that he tried out for the Canadian Football League. But he didnt

Dear Nadia:

I am a type 2 who was diagnosed 10 years ago. I have a lot of urinary tract infections and they are painful. Any advice on why this keeps happening?

Margaret

Dear Margaret:

One of the most dramatic

I had the opportunity, recently, to be in Washington DC. I love Washington DC and it is one of the most exciting places on earth. So much happens there and whether you love or hate whoever is in office does

This crosswordpuzzle was inspired by this weeks news and podcast reports. Play along with us to test your knowledge and comprehension on topics we post Monday-Friday.

Please click the link below to download this weeks Diabetes Health CrosswordPuzzle

This crosswordpuzzle was inspired by this weeks news and podcast reports. Play along with us to test your knowledge and comprehension on topics we post Monday-Friday.

Please click the link below to download this weeks Diabetes

With so much going on, you may have missed the latest in diabetes news this week. Not to worry! Weve got you covered with the Diabetes Health Weekly Roundup to share the latest news, podcasts and stories from this week.

Current American Diabetes Association guidelines recommend that youth with diabetes receive diabetic retinopathy screenings. Type 2 diabetes patients should receive their screening at the time of their initial diagnosis, while type 1 patients should receive their screening within 3-5 years.

I once had an Endo tell me that with syringes, I would probably not be able to get my A1C down much lower than the 7 that I had long been hovering at. He also lived with Type 1 diabetes

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Diabetes Health | Investigate.Inform. Inspire

What is diabetes?

Diabetes Mellitis is a disease in which the body does not produce or properly use insulin, which affects how the body is able to use glucose for energy.

In order for cells to use glucose for energy, insulin must be present. In people with diabetes, the pancreas either produces little or no insulin (type 1), or the cells do not respond appropriately to the insulin that is produced (type 2 and gestational diabetes).

Glucose builds up in the blood, overflows into the urine, and passes out of the body in the urine. Thus, the body loses its main source of fuel.

The three main types of diabetes are:

When your physician diagnoses diabetes, it is likely that he or she will suggest, in addition to lifestyle changes, the following:

The goal of all diabetic treatment is to normalize blood glucose (sugar) levels as much as possible, and to minimize the following long term complications of diabetes:

While individuals with diabetes should check their blood sugar level multiple times per day, the best way to assess the overall level of glucose control is by taking a Hemoglobin A1C test. This provides an average of glucose levels over several months. National guidelines recommend that Hemoglobin A1C levels are measured four times per year. (The higher the Hemoglobin A1C, the more "uncontrolled" the diabetes.)

Routine monitoring of diabetes with a physician, and a coordinated care team, is very important in the proactive management of diabetes.

Lifestyle changes are critical in diabetes management, and are a routine and expected part of a conventional medical care plan. Some changes include:

Type 1 diabetes is not reversible or curable. With Type 2 diabetes, blood sugar can be normalized and managed without medication following adequate diet and exercise, although the ADA has not yet established criteria for diagnosis of actual cure. The following therapies and healing practices are therefore presented primarily as ways of managing type 1 and type 2 diabetes, optimizing function, and minimizing complications.

The group of symptoms termed diabetes in conventional medicine has been treated for thousands of years with the system of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). TCM looks at signs and symptoms in the context of the whole person. Specifically this system looks at patterns of disharmony, as well as patients' emotional and psychological responses.

Unlike conventional medicine, TCM does not focus on determining or manipulating the blood sugar levels, but rather individualizes a plan to restore balance and harmony, depending upon the nature of the diagnosed imbalance. The most commonly employed therapeutic methods in TCM include acupuncture, moxibustion, Chinese herbal medicine, diet therapy, mind/body exercises (Qigong and Tai Chi), and Tui Na (Chinese massage).

In 1997, the National Institutes of Health released a consensus statement saying that the use of acupuncture in the treatment of diabetes was classified as "effective, but further evidence required." It is important to acknowledge that the consensus statement referred to studies of acupuncture only, and not of the entire systemic approach.

Acupuncture has been shown to lower glucose levels and has been demonstrated to improve peripheral neuropathy and neuropathic pain, one of the most common complications of type 2 diabetes.

Many Chinese herbs and formulations have been used safely for millennia; however, good data on herb/drug interactions is limited. Additionally, the FDA does not regulate the preparation, prescription, or distribution of herbs. Therefore, it is important to work with a reliable and trustworthy source for herbal products. Heavy metal contamination is a concern for products grown in China. Some of the most commonly used herbs in diabetes include: Panax Ginseng, Momodica charantia, Lagenaria siceraria, and Psidium gnajava. These herbs appear to enhance how glucose is metabolized in the body.

The following supplements can be beneficial for those with diabetes. Typical doses for each botanical are indicated below. However, you should talk with your healthcare provider before adding botanicals to your health regimen and ask about the right dosage for you.

Conventional medications should not be discontinued in favor of herbs alone, unless they are weaned off over time, with close glucose monitoring. This requires a working team of an experienced physician and a knowledgeable TCM practitioner.

CAUTION: some herbs commonly used for weight loss may cause blood sugar levels to increase, including Coca seeds, Coffee seeds, Cola seeds, Guarana seeds, Mat'e leaves, and Ma huang.

Chronic stress elevates cortisol levels, which negatively impacts many different systems of the body. Stress increases the release of glucose from the liver and decreases insulin receptor sensitivity, making insulin work less effectively.

Stress management helps individuals be more effective in regulating their diet and exercising, which are both critical to diabetic management. Meditation, the Relaxation Response, Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR), and biofeedback are just a few of the practices that have been used to manage stress, and have positive impacts on the diabetic patient. See an example of the positive impact of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction.

All of these approaches seek to optimize the body's ability to function. When integrating therapeutic approaches to diabetes, all patients must recognize the importance of careful monitoring of blood glucose levels, as well as monitoring for potential side effects, such as drug-herb interactions.

When new therapies and practices are added, ideally glucose levels will decrease or normalize, and prescription medications may need to be decreased in dose, or sometimes even eliminated. Therefore, reliable and regular self-testing of glucose levels, accurate recording/reporting, and frequent communication with your medical care team is critical.

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Diabetes | Taking Charge of Your Health & Wellbeing

Diabetes is a life-long disease marked by high levels of sugar in the blood. It can be caused by too little insulin (a hormone produced by the pancreas to regulate blood sugar), resistance to insulin (when cells in the body cannot effectively use insulin), or both. Diabetes can lead to serious health complications including heart disease, blindness, kidney failure, and lower-extremity amputations, such as a foot or lower leg.

In their Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes (2014), the American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommends routine screening for type 2 diabetes beginning at age 45, especially in the overweight or obese, and the test should be repeated every three years if the results are normal. Screening is also recommended for all people who are under 45 and overweight or obese and with:

Diabetes is the seventh leading cause of death in the United States. As of 2010, 25.8 million people -- 8.3% of the population -- have diabetes; 1.9 million new cases of diabetes were diagnosed in people aged 20 years or older in 2010. The prevalence of diabetes is greater among older people. Among Americans aged 65 years or older, 26.9% (10.9 million people) have diabetes. Over 7 million people remain undiagnosed with diabetes, and roughly 79 million people have prediabetes, when blood glucose levels are higher than normal but not yet high enough to be diagnosed as diabetes. Long-term damage to the heart and circulatory system can still occur with prediabetes.

Among adults with diagnosed type 1 or type 2 diabetes, 12% take insulin only, 14% take both insulin and oral medication, 58% take oral medication only, and 16% do not take either insulin or oral medication.

The American Diabetes Association states that the total costs of diagnosed diabetes have risen from $174 billion in 2007 to $245 billion in 2012. This figure represents a 41 percent increase over a five year period.

To understand diabetes, it is important to first understand the normal process of food metabolism. Several things happen when food is digested:

People with diabetes have high blood glucose because their pancreas does not make enough insulin or their muscle, fat, and liver cells do not respond to insulin normally (insulin resistance), or both.

There are three major types of diabetes:

Type 1 Diabetes Risk Factors

Type 2 Diabetes Risk Factors (How Do You Get Type 2 Diabetes?)

Gestational Diabetes Risk Factors

As previously mentioned, the American Diabetes Association recommends that all adults be screened for diabetes at least every three years. A person at high risk should be screened more often.

Research shows that you can lower your risk for type 2 diabetes by 58% by:

High blood levels of glucose can cause several symptoms, including frequent urination, excessive thirst, hunger, fatigue, weight loss, and blurry vision. However, because type 2 diabetes develops slowly, some people with high blood sugar experience no symptoms at all.

Symptoms of Type 1 Diabetes:

Symptoms of Type 2 Diabetes:

Symptoms of Gestational Diabetes

A urinalysis may be used to look for glucose and ketones from the breakdown of fat. However, a urine test alone does not diagnose diabetes. The following blood glucose tests are used to diagnose diabetes:

Patients with type 1 diabetes usually develop symptoms over a short period of time, and the condition is often diagnosed in an emergency setting. In addition to having high glucose levels, acutely ill type 1 diabetics have high levels of ketones.

There is no cure for diabetes. The immediate goals are to stabilize your blood sugar and eliminate the symptoms of high blood sugar. The long-term goals of treatment are to prolong life, relieve symptoms, and prevent long-term complications such as heart disease, amputations, and kidney failure.

Lifestyle changes are the cornerstone of diabetes management for all patients. In addition to medication, achieving goals for weight management and diet, physical activity, smoking cessation, and moderate alcohol use is imperative for diabetes control.

Bariatic weight loss surgery may be an option for patients with a BMI over 35 kg/m2 and type 2 diabetes. After surgery, patients will need lifelong lifestyle support and medical monitoring.

After you learn the basics of diabetes care, learn how the disease can cause long-term health problems and the best ways to prevent these problems. People with diabetes need to review and update their knowledge, because new research and improved ways to treat diabetes are constantly being developed.

You should work closely with your health care provider to learn how much fat, protein, and carbohydrates you need in your diet. Your specific meal plans need to be tailored to your food habits and preferences. People with type 1 diabetes should eat at about the same times each day and try to be consistent with the types of food they choose. This helps to prevent blood sugars from becoming extremely high or low. Type 2 diabetics should follow a well-balanced and low-fat diet.

A registered dietician can be very helpful in planning dietary needs.

Weight management is important to achieving control of diabetes. Some people with type 2 diabetes can stop medications after losing excess weight, although the diabetes is still present.

Medications to treat diabetes include insulin and glucose-lowering pills, called oral hypoglycemic agents. People with type 1 diabetes cannot make their own insulin, so daily insulin injections or inhalations are required. People with type 2 diabetes make insulin but cannot use it effectively.

Insulin is not available in oral tablet form, although a new inhaled insulin product called Afrezza was approved in 2014. Afrezza is an ultra rapid-acting inhaled insulin that is administered with meals to improve blood sugar control in adult diabetics. Insulin is usually is delivered by injections that are required one to four times per day. Some people use an insulin pump, which is worn at all times and delivers a steady flow of insulin throughout the day.

Insulin preparations differ in how quickly they start to work and how long they remain active. Sometimes different types of insulin are mixed together in a single injection. The types of insulin to use, the doses required, and the number of daily injections are chosen by a health care professional trained to provide diabetes care.

People who need insulin are taught to give themselves injections by their health care providers or diabetes educators. Special insulin pens are also available for some insulins that prevent the need for pulling up insulin with a needle into a syringe. The insulin is stored in the pen and needles can be attached to the pens prior to injection.

Unlike type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes may respond to treatment with exercise, diet, and/or oral medications. There are several oral hypoglycemic agents that lower blood glucose in type 2 diabetes. Selection of an oral diabetes treatment may follow this general guideline:

Some people with type 2 diabetes find they no longer need medication if they lose weight and increase activity, because when their ideal weight is reached, their own insulin and a careful diet can control their blood glucose levels. Even a 10-15 percent weight loss in some diabetic patients can drastically lower blood sugar.

Oral hypoglycemic agents are not known to be safe for use in pregnancy; women who have type 2 diabetes and take these medications may be switched to insulin during pregnancy and while breast-feeding.

Gestational diabetes is treated with diet and insulin.

Self-monitoring of blood glucose is done by checking the glucose content of a drop of blood. Regular testing tells you how well diet, medication, and exercise are working together to control your diabetes.

The results of the test can be used to adjust meals, activity, or medications to keep blood sugar levels in an appropriate range. Testing provides valuable information for the health care provider and identifies high and low blood sugar levels before serious problems develop.

The American Diabetes Association recommends that premeal blood sugar levels fall in the range of 80 to 120 mg/dL and bedtime blood levels fall in the range of 100 to 140 mg/dL. Your doctor may adjust this depending on your circumstances.

You should also ask your doctor how often you need to have your hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level checked. The HbA1c is a measure of average blood glucose during the previous two to three months. It is a very helpful way to monitor a patient's overall response to diabetes treatment over time. A person without diabetes has an HbA1c around 5%. People with diabetes should try to keep it below 7%. Usually HbA1c is checked every three months.

Ketone testing is another test that is used in type 1 diabetes. Ketones build up in the blood when there is not enough insulin in people with type 1 diabetes, eventually "spilling over" into the urine. The ketone test is done on a urine sample. High levels of blood ketones may result in a serious condition called ketoacidosis. Ketone testing is usually done at the following times:

Another complication that can be avoided by checking the blood sugar level is Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Nonketotic Syndrome (HHNS). HHNS is a serious condition usually seen in older persons with type 2 diabetes, although it can occur in type 1 patients also. HHNS is usually brought on by an illness or infection. HHNS only occurs when diabetes is uncontrolled. HHNS may occur gradually, and take days or even weeks to develop. The best way to avoid HHNS is to check your blood sugar regularly. Be aware of the symptoms of HHNS that include:

Regular exercise is especially important for people with diabetes. It helps with blood sugar control, weight loss, and high blood pressure. People with diabetes who exercise are less likely to experience a heart attack or stroke than diabetics who do not exercise regularly. You should be evaluated by your physician before starting an exercise program.

Here are some exercise considerations:

Changes in exercise intensity or duration may require changes in diet or medication dose to keep blood sugar levels from going too high or low.

If left untreated, the affected foot may need to be amputated. Diabetes is the most common condition leading to amputations.

To prevent injury to the feet, people with diabetes should adopt a daily routine of checking and caring for the feet as follows:

For additional information, see diabetes resources.

The risks of long-term complications from diabetes can be reduced.

The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) studied the effects of tight blood sugar control on complications in type 1 diabetes. Patients treated for tight blood glucose control had an average HbA1c of approximately 7%, while patients treated less aggressively had an average HbA1c of about 9%. At the end of the study, the tight blood glucose group had dramatically fewer cases of kidney disease, eye disease, and nervous system disease than the less-aggressively treated patients.

In the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS), researchers followed nearly 4,000 people with type 2 diabetes for 10 years. The study monitored how tight control of blood glucose (HbA1c of 7% or less) and blood pressure (less than 144 over less than 82) could protect a person from the long-term complications of diabetes.

This study found dramatically lower rates of kidney, eye, and nervous system complications in patients with tight control of blood glucose. In addition, there was a significant drop in all diabetes-related deaths, including lower risks of heart attack and stroke. Tight control of blood pressure was also found to lower the risks of heart disease and stroke.

The results of the DCCT and the UKPDS dramatically demonstrate that good blood glucose and blood pressure control, many of the complications of diabetes can be prevented.

Emergency complications include diabetic hyperglycemic hyperosmolar coma.

Long-term complications include:

Go to the emergency room or call the local emergency number (such as 911) if symptoms of ketoacidosis occur:

Go to the emergency room or call the local emergency number if symptoms of extremely low blood sugar (hypoglycemic coma or severe insulin reaction) occur:

Maintaining an ideal body weight and an active lifestyle may prevent the onset of type 2 diabetes. Currently there is no way to prevent type 1 diabetes.

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Diabetes Information from Drugs.com

Good Food

by Alison Feller, May 4, 2017

You might have heard about papayas probiotic powers, or the mega-nutritous (and protein-packed) jackfruitbut usually when nutrition pros talk about fruit, theyre advising you choose from the low-sugar options(and definitely skip the dried varietyaltogether).

But according to anew study,natures candy may reduce the risk for developing diabetes.

The observational study, published in PLOS Medicine, tracked the health and diet of more than 500,000 adults inChina for seven years. It found that those without diabetes at the start who ate fresh fruit daily were found to have a 12 percent lower risk of developing the disease than those who ate none.

The sugar in fruit is not the same as the sugar in manufactured foods and may be metabolized differently.

And the more frequently they ate it, the lower their diabetes risk: More than three days a week resulted ina 17 percent lower risk of dying from any cause, and a 13 percent to 28 percent lower risk of developing diabetes-related complications (compared to those who consumed fruit less than once a week).

While it sounds greateat more fruit, dont get diabetes!it may also soundcontradictory. If high sugar consumption is a leading cause in developing diabetes and fruits are packed with sugars, is it really smart to OD on oranges?

The sugar in fruit is not the same as the sugar in manufactured foods and may be metabolized differently, the lead author, Huaidong Du, MD, a research fellow at the University of Oxford, tells TheNew York Times.And there are other nutrients in fruit that may benefit in other ways.

So go ahead and pass that pomegranate, pineapple, or pitayajust keep doing it in moderation.

Heres how to make the most of your summer fruits: our ultimate smoothie guide. And FYI you can alsomake yourblended concoction a thing of beauty (AKA Instagram-ready).

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Why eating fresh fruit could actually lower your risk of diabetes - Well+Good