Molecular genetics | biology | Britannica.com

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The data accumulated by scientists of the early 20th century provided compelling evidence that chromosomes are the carriers of genes. But the nature of the genes themselves remained a mystery, as did the mechanism by which they exert their influence. Molecular geneticsthe study

the early 20th century when molecular geneticists began conducting research using model organisms such as Drosophila melanogaster (also called the vinegar fly or fruit fly) that provided a more comprehensive view of the complexities of genetic transmission. For example, molecular genetics studies demonstrated that two alleles can be codominant (characteristics

Although overlapping with biochemical techniques, molecular genetics techniques are deeply involved with the direct study of DNA. This field has been revolutionized by the invention of recombinant DNA technology. The DNA of any gene of interest from a donor organism (such as a

Molecular genetics is the study of the molecular structure of DNA, its cellular activities (including its replication), and its influence in determining the overall makeup of an organism. Molecular genetics relies heavily on genetic engineering (recombinant DNA technology), which can be used to

comparative embryology, and molecular genetics. Studies of the molecular structure of genes and of the geographic distribution of flora and fauna are also useful. The fossil record is often used to determine the phylogeny of groups containing hard body parts; it is also used to date divergence times of

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Molecular genetics | biology | Britannica.com