Are there enough stem cells in your knees to heal the damage of osteoarthritis? If yes, why arent those stem cells fixing your knees now? Is it a lack of numbers? Or is it a lack of communication?
Marc Darrow MD, JD. Thank you for reading my article. You can ask me your questions about bone marrow derived stem cells using the contact form below.
In 2011, doctors at the University of Aberdeen published research in the journal Arthritis and rheumatism that provided the first evidence that resident stem cells in the knee joint synovium underwent proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation following injury.
In other words the number of stem cells in an injured knee increased and began to turn themselves into cartilage.(1)This paper, presenting the idea that stem cells in an injured knee increased in numbers in preparation of healing has been cited by more than 40 medical studies.
If the stem cells in the knee synovial lining are abundant and have the ability to rebuild cartilage after injury, why isnt the knee fixing itself?
One of those 40 studies was performed by researchers at theUniversity of Calgary in 2012. Among their questions, if the stem cells in the knee synovial lining are abundant and have the ability to rebuild cartilage after injury, why isnt the knee fixing itself? Here is what they published:
Since osteoarthritis leads to a progressive loss of cartilage and synovial progenitors (rebuilding) cells have the potential to contribute to articular cartilage repair, the inability of osteoarthritis synovial fluid Mesenchymal progenitor cells (stem cell growth factors) to spontaneously differentiate into chondrocytes suggests that cell-to-cell aggregation and/or communication may be impaired in osteoarthritis and somehow dampen the normal mechanism of chondrocyte replenishment from the synovium or synovial fluid. Should the cells of the synovium or synovial fluid be a reservoir of stem cells for normal articular cartilage maintenance and repair, these endogenous sources of chondro-biased cells would be a fundamental and new strategy for treating osteoarthritis and cartilage injury if this loss of aggregation & differentiation phenotype can be overcome.(2)
This research was supported in anew study from December 2017 In Nature reviews. Rheumatology. The paper suggested that recognizing that joint-resident stem cells are comparatively abundant in the joint and occupy multiple niches (from the center of the joint to the out edges) will enable the optimization of single-stage therapeutic interventions for osteoarthritis.(3) The idea is to get these native stem cells to repair.
Now we know that there are many stem cells in the knee, when there is an injury there are more stem cells. If we can figure out how to get these stem cells turned on to the healing mode, the knee could heal itself of early stage osteoarthritis. So the problem is not the number of stem cells, BUT, communication.
This failure to communicate was also seen in other research. In 2016, another heavily cited paper, this time fromTehran University for Medical Sciences, noted that despite their larger numbers,the native stem cells act chaotically and are unable to regroup themselves into a healing mechanism and repair the bone, cartilage and other tissue. Introducing bone marrow stem cells into this environmentgets the native stem cells in line and redirects them to perform healing functions. The joint environmentis changed from chaotic to healing because of communication.(4)
A recentpaper from a research team inAustralia confirms how this change of joint environment works. It starts with cell signalling a new communication network is built.
University of Iowa research published in theJournal of orthopaedic research
Serious meniscus injuries seldom heal and increase the risk for knee osteoarthritis; thus, there is a need to develop new reparative therapies. In that regard, stimulating tissue regeneration by autologous (from you, not donated) stem/progenitor cells has emerged as a promising new strategy.
(The research team) showed previously that migratory chondrogenic progenitor cells (mobile cartilage growth factors) were recruited to injured cartilage, where they showed a capability in situ (on the spot) tissue repair. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the meniscus contains a similar population of regenerative cells.
Explant studies revealed that migrating cells were mainly confined to the red zone (where the blood is and its growth factors) in normal menisci: However, these cells were capable of repopulating defects made in the white zone (the desert area where no blood flows. Migrating cell numbers increased dramatically in damaged meniscus. Relative to non-migrating meniscus cells, migrating cells were more clonogenic, overexpressed progenitor cell markers, and included a larger side population. (They were ready to heal) Gene expression profiling showed that the migrating population was more similar tochondrogenic progenitor cells (mobile cartilage growth factors) than other meniscus cells. Finally, migrating cells equaledchondrogenic progenitor cells in chondrogenic potential, indicating a capacity for repair of the cartilaginous white zone of the meniscus. These findings demonstrate that, much as in articular cartilage, injuries to the meniscus mobilize an intrinsic progenitor cell population with strong reparative potential.(6)
The intrinsic progenitor cell population with strong reparative potential are in your knee waiting to be mobilized.
A leading provider of bone marrow derived stem cell therapy, Platelet Rich Plasma and Prolotherapy11645 WILSHIRE BOULEVARD SUITE 120, LOS ANGELES, CA 90025
PHONE: (800) 300-9300
1 Kurth TB, Dellaccio F, Crouch V, Augello A, Sharpe PT, De Bari C. Functional mesenchymal stem cell niches in adult mouse knee joint synovium in vivo. Arthritis Rheum. 2011 May;63(5):1289-300. doi: 10.1002/art.30234.
2 Krawetz RJ, Wu YE, Martin L, Rattner JB, Matyas JR, Hart DA. Synovial Fluid Progenitors Expressing CD90+ from Normal but Not Osteoarthritic Joints Undergo Chondrogenic Differentiation without Micro-Mass Culture. Kerkis I, ed.PLoS ONE. 2012;7(8):e43616. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0043616.
3 McGonagle D, Baboolal TG, Jones E. Native joint-resident mesenchymal stem cells for cartilage repair in osteoarthritis. Nature Reviews Rheumatology. 2017 Dec;13(12):719.
3Davatchi F, et al. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy for knee osteoarthritis: 5 years follow-up of three patients. Int J Rheum Dis. 2016 Mar;19(3):219-25. 2. Freitag J, Bates D, Boyd R, Shah K, Barnard A, Huguenin L, Tenen A.Mesenchymal stem cell therapy in the treatment of osteoarthritis: reparative pathways, safety and efficacy a review.BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2016 May 26;17(1):230. doi: 10.1186/s12891-016-1085-9. Review.
4 Freitag J, Bates D, Boyd R, et al. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy in the treatment of osteoarthritis: reparative pathways, safety and efficacy a review.BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 2016;17:230. doi:10.1186/s12891-016-1085-9.
5 Seol D, Zhou C, et al. Characteristics of meniscus progenitor cells migrated from injured meniscus. J Orthop Res. 2016 Nov 3. doi: 10.1002/jor.23472.
Original post:
The importance of stem cell numbers in stem cell therapy ...
- White Blood Cells (WBCs) - Definition, Function, and Ranges - August 22nd, 2022
- Cancer requires more tutoring, with Meyer continuing to Teaching Cancer a lesson - News - vintontoday.com - January 20th, 2021
- Huntington's Disease Alters Human Development in the Fetal... : Neurology Today - LWW Journals - August 26th, 2020
- Science Becomes A Dividing Issue In Year Of Election And Pandemic - Iowa Public Radio - April 29th, 2020
- Lost Smell and Taste Hint COVID-19 Can Target the Nervous System - The Scientist - March 29th, 2020
- Stem Cell Treatment for Cartilage Regeneration ... - March 14th, 2020
- UI doctors discover new genetic mutation that causes fatal heart arrhythmias - UI The Daily Iowan - February 22nd, 2020
- What will the US look like in 2030? | Articles - telegraphherald.com - February 9th, 2020
- Red Shamrock: Fight never over, even when kids beat cancer - Iowa City Press-Citizen - January 9th, 2020
- Biden Exaggerates Science on Burn Pits and Brain Cancer - FactCheck.org - December 22nd, 2019
- Fate Therapeutics Inc. (FATE) and KemPharm Inc. (NASDAQ:KMPH) Comparison side by side - The EN Herald - September 23rd, 2019
- Common Prostate Drug May Slow Progression of Parkinson, Researchers Say - AJMC.com Managed Markets Network - September 23rd, 2019
- Contrasting of Cellular Biomedicine Group Inc. (CBMG) and KemPharm Inc. (NASDAQ:KMPH) - The EN Herald - September 23rd, 2019
- Our Team - Neural Stem Cell Institute, Rensselaer NY - April 12th, 2019
- Cultured meat - Wikipedia - January 20th, 2019
- Stem Cell - Joint Preservation Institute of Iowa - August 9th, 2018
- Stem cell therapy and healing meniscus damage - Dr. Marc ... - July 29th, 2018
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program | University of Iowa ... - July 15th, 2018
- Regenexx Des Moines | Iowa's Regenexx Provider - October 15th, 2017
- Stem Cells - Joint Preservation Institute of Iowa - September 3rd, 2017
- US record holder for most time in space Peggy Whitson returns to Earth after 288-day mission - Pulse Headlines - September 3rd, 2017
- FDA Cracks Down On Stem-Cell Clinics Selling Unapproved Treatments - Iowa Public Radio - September 3rd, 2017
- Stem cells: JP2MRI, CET discover safer, more ethical biotechnology - Sioux City Catholic Globe - July 2nd, 2017
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy - Cedar Rapids, Iowa City ... - November 10th, 2016
- Des Moines, Iowa Stem Cell Transplants, Clive, Grimes ... - November 8th, 2016
- Stem Cell Research | Environmental Health and Safety - October 21st, 2016
- Molecular imaging of stem cells | StemBook - August 23rd, 2016
- Telomere elongation in induced pluripotent stem cells from ... - October 19th, 2015
- Hair Loss Cure One Step Closer To Reality; Scientists Grow ... - October 19th, 2015
- Are Cancer Stem Cells the Key to Discovering a Cure ... - October 6th, 2015
- University of Iowa Stem Cell Group - October 6th, 2015
- Stem Cells + HA New Injection for Knees?; Fracture Repair ... - September 27th, 2015
- Des Moines IA Resources - Stem Cells: Get Facts on ... - July 2nd, 2015
- Stem Cell Banking Market in India 2015-2019 - Sioux City ... - June 10th, 2015
- How Do Stem Cells Help Cure Parkinson's Disease? | eHow - March 18th, 2015
- UI researchers tout diabetes development - January 29th, 2015
- stem cell research | LVATUG blog - December 16th, 2014
- NYSCF and the CMTA enter collaboration to advance neuropathies research - December 11th, 2014
- stem cell - FierceBiotech - Biotech Industry, Biotech News ... - December 2nd, 2014
- IOWA AND STEM CELLS: Braley/Ernst Race has National Impact - October 21st, 2014
- Genesis launches new Neuroscience Institute - October 1st, 2014
- Cedar Rapids IA Resources - Stem Cells: Get Facts on Uses ... - September 24th, 2014
- Institute has raised $400K in donations - September 20th, 2014
- Iowa City-area institute gets $400,000 from Ice Bucket ... - September 13th, 2014
- ISU Bioethics Outreach--Stem Cells - Iowa State University - September 13th, 2014
- Ames IA Stem Cell Treatment | Ames Iowa Cancer Stem Cell ... - September 5th, 2014
- Iowa opens new debate over use of stem cells - September 1st, 2014
- Catholics asked to NOT donate to the ALS Association - August 29th, 2014
- Catholic Church At Odds With Ice Bucket Challenge - August 26th, 2014
- Why some are wary about doing ALS challenge - August 23rd, 2014
- Archdiocese of St. Louis warning about the, Ice Bucket Challenge - August 23rd, 2014
- Iowa Stem Cell Therapy | Stem Cell Treatments - August 22nd, 2014
- Ohio diocese discourages ice bucket challenge - August 22nd, 2014