BOSTON Hydrocephalus, or water on the brain, occurs when the cerebral ventriclesfour interconnected cavities of the brain that are filled with cerebrospinal fluidbecome enlarged, but its cause is unknown in many cases. A better understanding could lead to improved treatments for hydrocephalus, which is the leading reason for brain surgery in children and is associated with neurodevelopmental disability. To provide insights, a team led by investigators at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) and Yale University analyzed variations in genetic sequences and gene expression patterns in the brains of patients with congenital hydrocephalus. The research, which is published in Nature Neuroscience, indicates that hydrocephalus does not result from a defect of cerebrospinal fluid plumbing but rather arises because primitive cells in the brain do not behave properly during development.
In patients with hydrocephalus, continued accumulation of fluid dilates the cerebral ventricles, increases pressure in the skull, and compresses the surrounding brain structure. This compression can cause acute symptoms such as vomiting and headache, and even coma or even death. In the long-term, brain compression can lead to neurocognitive issues and neurodevelopmental disabilities in children, even when a medical device called a shunt is surgically placed in the brain.
Neurosurgical shunting of cerebrospinal fluid addresses some consequences of the disease but does not target the underlying mechanisms, says senior author Kristopher T. Kahle, MD, PhD, director of Pediatric Neurosurgery at MGH and director of the Harvard Center for Hydrocephalus and Neurodevelopmental. Knowing the molecular cause of disease could be very helpful towards clinical decision making.
To provide insights, Kahle and his colleagues genetically sequenced cells from 483 children with hydrocephalus and their unaffected parents, using a profiling technology that uncovers gene mutations in patients across the entire genome. By combining the genetic sequence data with gene expression data, the team found that many hydrocephalus-associated genes converge not in fluid circulation components but instead in neuroepithelial cells, which are the earliest stem cells of the brain that arise during the first several weeks of development. These cells go on to generate all of the neurons and support cells of the brain.
This began to hint to us that rather than affecting fluid circulation, hydrocephalus gene mutations may be disrupting the earliest processes of human brain development to cause hydrocephalus, says colead author Phan Q. Duy, an MD/PhD student at Yale University School of Medicine.
The most frequently mutated gene in the studys patientscalled TRIM71codes for a protein that is part of a pathway that regulates the timing of stem cell development. When the investigators bred mice to express TRIM71mutations, the mice developed fetal-onset hydrocephalus similar to human patients. Mechanistically, stem cells in the brains of the Trim71-mutated mice prematurely generated neurons, leading to a deficient pool of stem cells to support brain growth and development. This caused deficient expansion of brain tissue and underdevelopment of the cerebral cortex.
The scientists note that the resulting altered structure of the brain is not capable of holding the pressure exerted by cerebrospinal fluid, and thus the brain deforms and its ventricles passively expand. The site of pathology is therefore not happening in the fluid itself, but rather the vesselor the brain tissuethats holding the fluid, says Duy.
The findings suggest that treatment strategies for hydrocephalus should go beyond draining fluid in the brain. A more nuanced treatment approach may include not only cerebrospinal fluid diversion but also other approaches more tailored towards improving neurodevelopmental function, says Kahle. In the long-term, with continued gene discovery and better understanding of how other gene mutations disrupt brain development to cause hydrocephalus, we may be able to develop drug treatments or even gene therapy to correct the gene mutations months before the birth of patients.
Beyond providing a better understanding hydrocephalus, this work may offer additional insights into other pediatric brain disorders. In fact, ventricular dilation is a common feature in developmental neuropsychiatric diseases such as autism and schizophrenia, and many of the processes involved with hydrocephalus may also be relevant for other structural brain malformations.
This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health, Rudi Schulte Institute, and the Hydrocephalus Association.
About the Massachusetts General Hospital
Massachusetts General Hospital, founded in 1811, is the original and largest teaching hospital of Harvard Medical School. The Mass General Research Instituteconducts the largest hospital-based research program in the nation, with annual research operations of more than $1 billion and comprises more than 9,500 researchers working across more than 30 institutes, centers and departments. In August 2021, Mass General was named #5 in theU.S. News & World Reportlist of "Americas Best Hospitals." MGH is a founding member of the Mass General Brigham health care system.
Nature Neuroscience
Impaired neurogenesis alters brain biomechanics in a neuroprogenitor-based genetic subtype of congenital hydrocephalus
4-Apr-2022
Disclaimer: AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert system.
Read the original post:
Genetic analysis provides insights into the cause of hydrocephalus, or water on the brain - EurekAlert
- New gene therapy for sickle cell disease has been a long time coming, but is it a complete game-changer? - UCLA Health Connect - December 29th, 2023
- Sickle Cell Gene Therapy Reimbursement: Will Experience Matter? And Which Kind? - Pink Sheet - December 29th, 2023
- Cell and gene therapy will be top industry trend for pharma in 2024 - The Financial Express - December 29th, 2023
- Excision Bio Seeks to Suppress HIV Replication With CRISPR Gene Therapy - AJMC.com Managed Markets Network - December 29th, 2023
- Global Cell and Gene Therapy Manufacturing Industry is projected to surpass a valuation of US$ 240 B - PharmiWeb.com - December 29th, 2023
- Penn's gene therapy layoffs are the latest in biotech belt-tightening in Philly and beyond - The Philadelphia Inquirer - December 29th, 2023
- Adeno-associated Virus Gene Therapy Market is Projected to Grow at a CAGR of 43.4% from 2023-2033 - EIN News - December 29th, 2023
- How Does Gene Therapy Work? Types, Uses, Safety - Healthline - May 9th, 2023
- Gene therapy: Comprehensive overview and therapeutic applications - April 7th, 2023
- Thanks to collaboration between Stand Up Therapeutics and VectorBuilder, a paraplegic patient will get gene therapy for the first time - Business... - January 21st, 2023
- Gene editing | Definition, History, & CRISPR-Cas9 | Britannica - January 4th, 2023
- A short history of gene therapy - Boston Children's Answers - December 27th, 2022
- Gene Therapy Analytical Development Summit 2022 | Home - December 27th, 2022
- $3.5-Million Hemophilia Gene Therapy Is World's Most Expensive Drug - Scientific American - December 10th, 2022
- CAR T Global Consultant Inc. Announce their Collaboration with Titronbio - a company founded in Shanghai China by a renowned leader in the field of... - December 10th, 2022
- Cell and Gene Therapy Manufacturing Services Market Size In 2023 | Financial Performance, In-Depth Insight of Trends, Key Players (Thermo Fisher... - December 10th, 2022
- How Gene Therapy Can Cure or Treat Diseases | FDA - December 2nd, 2022
- FDA Approves First Gene Therapy to Treat Adults with Hemophilia B - FDA.gov - November 24th, 2022
- Fact Check-mRNA vaccines are distinct from gene therapy ... - Reuters - October 29th, 2022
- Gene therapy: The Potential for Treating Type 1 Diabetes - Healthline - October 13th, 2022
- The promised land of gene therapy: Commercialization of novel gene-editing technology in beta-thalassemia - PMLiVE - October 13th, 2022
- Gene Therapy Hits Its Stride in the Clinic - Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News - October 13th, 2022
- FDA Expands Oversight of Cell and Gene Therapies - Pharmaceutical Technology Magazine - October 13th, 2022
- Rocket Pharmaceuticals Announces Presentations Highlighting Lentiviral Gene Therapies at the 29th Annual Congress of the European Society of Gene... - October 13th, 2022
- Health Alert for Parents: How one boy is thriving following treatment with a gene therapy after receiving an early diagnosis - PR Newswire - October 13th, 2022
- M6P Therapeutics Presents Novel AAV Gene Therapy Approach for the Treatment of Gaucher Disease at the ESGCT 29th Annual Congress - Business Wire - October 13th, 2022
- Two Cell and Gene Therapies Manufactured at Lonza Houston Reach FDA Approval - Contract Pharma - October 13th, 2022
- Ascidian starts up with $50M and a twist on RNA editing - BioPharma Dive - October 13th, 2022
- Viral Vector Manufacturing, Non-Viral Vector Manufacturing and Gene Therapy Manufacturing Market Report 2022 - ResearchAndMarkets.com - Business Wire - October 13th, 2022
- Exopharm identifies two new lead programs as exosomes gain prominence in gene therapy - Stockhead - October 13th, 2022
- What Do We Know About Gene Therapy and Cystic Fibrosis? - The Epoch Times - October 13th, 2022
- CSafe and BioLife Solutions, Inc. announce partnership to expand supply chain solutions for the cell and gene therapy market - PR Newswire APAC - PR... - October 13th, 2022
- Genomics in Cancer Care Market is estimated to be US$ 72.61 billion by 2032 with a CAGR of 16.3% during the forecast period 2032 - By PMI -... - October 13th, 2022
- After $100M deal, J&J links gene therapy to improved vision in early-phase trial - FierceBiotech - October 4th, 2022
- Bayer Head Admits COVID-19 Vaccine is Gene Therapy - October 4th, 2022
- New Gene Therapy Shows Promise for Treating Age Related Macular ... - October 4th, 2022
- BioMarin resubmits its hemophilia gene therapy to the FDA - BioPharma Dive - October 4th, 2022
- Why Philly ranks #2 among best cell and gene therapy hubs in the US - Technical.ly - October 4th, 2022
- AMPLIFYBIO ACQUIRES PACT PHARMA ASSETS TO ENHANCE CELL AND GENE THERAPY CHARACTERIZATION CAPABILITIES - PR Newswire - October 4th, 2022
- bluebird's (BLUE) Gene Therapy Approvals to Drive the Top Line - Zacks Investment Research - October 4th, 2022
- Researchers Develop Potential Gene Therapy to Treat Blindness - Managed Healthcare Executive - October 4th, 2022
- Voyager Therapeutics Announces Data Presentations at the 29th Annual Congress of the European Society of Gene & Cell Therapy - GlobeNewswire - October 4th, 2022
- Viral Vector Manufacturing, Non-Viral Vector Manufacturing and Gene Therapy Manufacturing Market by Scale of Operation, Type of Vector, Application... - October 4th, 2022
- Sanofi partners with Scribe to gain gene editing tools for cell therapy work - BioPharma Dive - October 4th, 2022
- Real Endpoints Marketplace announces collaboration with bluebird bio to help scale delivery of a first-of-its-kind value-based contract for one-time... - October 4th, 2022
- Vertex given green light to seek US approval of CRISPR-based therapy - BioPharma Dive - October 4th, 2022
- Atsena Therapeutics Announces Positive Results from Phase I/II Clinical Trial of ATSN-101 for the Treatment of GUCY2D-associated Leber Congenital... - October 4th, 2022
- Meet with the OrganaBio executives in-person at The Cell & Gene Meeting on the Mesa - Business Wire - October 4th, 2022
- Ocular Gene Therapy: A Literature Review With Focus on Current Clinical Trials - Cureus - September 25th, 2022
- Will experience support use of first-ever retinal gene therapy? - Ophthalmology Times - September 25th, 2022
- Rejuvenate Bio CEO highlights ambitious approach of using gene therapy to reverse aging - MedCity News - September 25th, 2022
- Gene therapy R&D market is projected to grow at a CAGR of 30.1% by 2032: Visiongain Reports Ltd - GlobeNewswire - September 25th, 2022
- Emulate Announces New Gene Therapy Application Enabling Accelerated Development of Treatments for Genetic Diseases with Organ-on-a-Chip Technology -... - September 25th, 2022
- CSL flexes gene therapy muscle with latest drug - Sydney Morning Herald - September 25th, 2022
- FDA Updates for the Week of Sept. 19, 2022 - Managed Healthcare Executive - September 25th, 2022
- AVROBIO Receives Rare Pediatric Disease Designation From FDA For First Gene Therapy In Development For Cy - Benzinga - September 25th, 2022
- Preparing Europe for a new generation of innovative therapies - Open Access Government - September 25th, 2022
- KSQ Therapeutics Announces Leadership and Board Additions - Business Wire - September 25th, 2022
- Hemophilia gene therapies from BioMarin, CSL pick up an early ICER endorsement - FiercePharma - September 16th, 2022
- Challenges In Gene Therapy - University of Utah - September 16th, 2022
- Hopkinton bioscience company forms advisory board for cell and gene therapy - Worcester Business Journal - September 16th, 2022
- Gene Therapy Restores Some Vision in Colorblind Children - Pharmacy Times - September 16th, 2022
- Coave Therapeutics partners with IMN on gene therapy - Labiotech.eu - September 16th, 2022
- MeiraGTx's Industry-Leading Gene Therapy Manufacturing Facility in Shannon, Ireland Formally Introduced by Head of Irish Government -... - September 16th, 2022
- Bluebird CFO resigns ahead of gene therapy launch - BioPharma Dive - September 16th, 2022
- Enrollment completed in STARLIGHT Phase 2 clinical trial of MCO-010 optogenetic gene therapy for Stargardt disease - Ophthalmology Times - September 16th, 2022
- Global Cancer Gene Therapy Market to Reach $11.35 Billion by 2030 at a CAGR of 23.3% - PR Newswire - September 16th, 2022
- How WhiteLab Genomics is using AI to aid gene and cell therapy development - TechCrunch - September 16th, 2022
- CAR-T Cell Therapy Market Segmentation and Forecast Analysis up to 2027 - BioSpace - September 16th, 2022
- Cluster-busters against Cancer and a Potential New Gene Therapy for LCA - BioSpace - September 16th, 2022
- Ori Biotech and CTMC team up on cell therapy delivery - BioPharma-Reporter.com - September 16th, 2022
- Adverum (ADVM) Doses First Patient in the Mid-Stage wAMD Study - Zacks Investment Research - September 16th, 2022
- Engensis Gene Therapy for ALS Found Safe in Small Phase 2a Trial |... - ALS News Today - September 8th, 2022
- A new gene therapy based on antibody cells is about to be tested in humans - MIT Technology Review - September 8th, 2022
- Myrtelles rAAV-Olig001-ASPA Gene Therapy Candidate for Canavan Disease Receives Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product Classification from the European... - September 8th, 2022
- Sangamo presses ahead with Fabry disease gene therapy - BioPharma Dive - September 8th, 2022
- The gene therapy that could transform the lives of millions - ABC News - September 8th, 2022
- As Philly becomes a hub for life sciences, a new program will train workers for jobs in the field - The Philadelphia Inquirer - September 8th, 2022
- Mayflower BioVentures to Announce New Cell & Gene Therapy Companies within Months - BioSpace - September 8th, 2022
- Carroucell Raises 1.5 Million to Introduce Breakthrough Microcarriers and Customizable Processes to Cell and Gene Therapy Market - Business Wire - September 8th, 2022