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Category Archives: Regenerative Medicine

Opexa Therapeutics to Present at the Regenerative Medicine – A Fundamental Shift in Science & Culture Conference

Posted: April 6, 2013 at 9:44 pm

THE WOODLANDS, Texas--(BUSINESS WIRE)--

Opexa Therapeutics, Inc. (OPXA), a biotechnology company developing Tcelna, a novel T-cell therapy for multiple sclerosis (MS), today announced that Neil K. Warma, President and Chief Executive Officer, will present at The Second International Vatican Adult Stem Cell Conference: Regenerative Medicine A Fundamental Shift in Science & Culture, taking place from within The Vatican, April 11-13, 2013.

The conference is part of a five-year collaboration between The Stem for Life Foundation, a not-for-profit organization devoted to raising global awareness of the therapeutic potential of adult stem cells, NeoStem, a leader in the emerging cellular therapy industry and The Vatican's Pontifical Council for Culture and its foundation, called STOQ International (Science, Theology and the Ontological Quest). Among the conference goals are to raise awareness of existing therapies, reduce misperceptions surrounding the field of cellular research and to foster dialogue among researchers, physicians, philanthropists, faith leaders and policy makers to identify unmet medical needs that can benefit from the development of cell therapies.

Opexa is proud to be a part of this international forum designed to highlight the important contributions made by the cell therapy industry to date and to increase awareness of cellular research and the potential of cell therapies to address unmet medical needs, commented Neil K. Warma, President and Chief Executive Officer of Opexa.

Opexa will be included in a special luncheon, Living with Multiple Sclerosis, featuring Meredith Vieira from NBC news and Richard M. Cohen, journalist and husband of Ms. Vieira.

About Tcelna

Tcelna is a personalized therapy that is specifically tailored to each patient's disease profile. Tcelna is manufactured using ImmPath, Opexa's proprietary method for the production of a patient-specific T-cell immunotherapy, which encompasses the collection of blood from the MS patient, isolation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, generation of an autologous pool of myelin-reactive T-cells (MRTCs) raised against selected peptides from myelin basic protein (MBP), myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) and proteolipid protein (PLP), and the return of these expanded, attenuated T-cells back to the patient. These attenuated T-cells are reintroduced into the patient via subcutaneous injection to trigger a therapeutic immune system response. Opexa believes the potential combination of efficacy, superior safety, excellent tolerability and administration may position Tcelna as the MS treatment of choice as compared to existing therapeutics.

About Opexa

Opexa is dedicated to the development of patient-specific cellular therapies for the treatment of autoimmune diseases such as MS. The Companys leading therapy candidate, Tcelna, is a personalized cellular immunotherapy that is in Phase IIb clinical development for MS. Tcelna is derived from T-cells isolated from peripheral blood, expanded ex vivo, and reintroduced into the patients via subcutaneous injections. This process triggers a potent immune response against specific subsets of autoreactive T-cells known to attack myelin.

For more information visit the Opexa Therapeutics website at http://www.opexatherapeutics.com.

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Opexa Therapeutics to Present at the Regenerative Medicine – A Fundamental Shift in Science & Culture Conference

Posted: April 5, 2013 at 7:50 am

THE WOODLANDS, Texas--(BUSINESS WIRE)--

Opexa Therapeutics, Inc. (OPXA), a biotechnology company developing Tcelna, a novel T-cell therapy for multiple sclerosis (MS), today announced that Neil K. Warma, President and Chief Executive Officer, will present at The Second International Vatican Adult Stem Cell Conference: Regenerative Medicine A Fundamental Shift in Science & Culture, taking place from within The Vatican, April 11-13, 2013.

The conference is part of a five-year collaboration between The Stem for Life Foundation, a not-for-profit organization devoted to raising global awareness of the therapeutic potential of adult stem cells, NeoStem, a leader in the emerging cellular therapy industry and The Vatican's Pontifical Council for Culture and its foundation, called STOQ International (Science, Theology and the Ontological Quest). Among the conference goals are to raise awareness of existing therapies, reduce misperceptions surrounding the field of cellular research and to foster dialogue among researchers, physicians, philanthropists, faith leaders and policy makers to identify unmet medical needs that can benefit from the development of cell therapies.

Opexa is proud to be a part of this international forum designed to highlight the important contributions made by the cell therapy industry to date and to increase awareness of cellular research and the potential of cell therapies to address unmet medical needs, commented Neil K. Warma, President and Chief Executive Officer of Opexa.

Opexa will be included in a special luncheon, Living with Multiple Sclerosis, featuring Meredith Vieira from NBC news and Richard M. Cohen, journalist and husband of Ms. Vieira.

About Tcelna

Tcelna is a personalized therapy that is specifically tailored to each patient's disease profile. Tcelna is manufactured using ImmPath, Opexa's proprietary method for the production of a patient-specific T-cell immunotherapy, which encompasses the collection of blood from the MS patient, isolation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, generation of an autologous pool of myelin-reactive T-cells (MRTCs) raised against selected peptides from myelin basic protein (MBP), myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) and proteolipid protein (PLP), and the return of these expanded, attenuated T-cells back to the patient. These attenuated T-cells are reintroduced into the patient via subcutaneous injection to trigger a therapeutic immune system response. Opexa believes the potential combination of efficacy, superior safety, excellent tolerability and administration may position Tcelna as the MS treatment of choice as compared to existing therapeutics.

About Opexa

Opexa is dedicated to the development of patient-specific cellular therapies for the treatment of autoimmune diseases such as MS. The Companys leading therapy candidate, Tcelna, is a personalized cellular immunotherapy that is in Phase IIb clinical development for MS. Tcelna is derived from T-cells isolated from peripheral blood, expanded ex vivo, and reintroduced into the patients via subcutaneous injections. This process triggers a potent immune response against specific subsets of autoreactive T-cells known to attack myelin.

For more information visit the Opexa Therapeutics website at http://www.opexatherapeutics.com.

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Opexa Therapeutics to Present at the Regenerative Medicine - A Fundamental Shift in Science & Culture Conference

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Future of Medicine : Advances in Regenerative Medicine Teach Body How to Rebuild Damaged Muscles, Tissues and Organs

Posted: April 4, 2013 at 2:44 am

Image: Bryan Christie

Unique among the human body's larger organs, the liver has a remarkable ability to recover from injury. An individual can lose a big chunk of it in an accident or during surgery, but as long as at least a quarter of the organ remains intact and generally free of scars, it can grow back to its full size and function. Alas, this capacity for self-regeneration does not hold for other body parts. A salamander can regrow its tail, but a person cannot regain an amputated leg or renew sections of the brain lost to Alzheimer's disease. For this feat, humans need helpand that is the promise of an emerging field of research called regenerative medicine.

Stem cellsprogenitor cells that can give rise to a variety of tissuesplay an important role in this endeavor. Scientists are learning how to mix a hodgepodge of sugar molecules, proteins and fibers to create an environment in which the stem cells can develop into replacement tissue. As the following stories show, investigators have made strides in replacing damaged heart tissue and rebuilding muscle. They are also in the early stages of developing new nerve cells. Some of these advances could emerge from the lab as treatments in a few years, or they may take decades, or they may ultimately fail. Here are a few of the most promising ones.

The Future of Medicine Special Report

A Change of Heart: Stem Cells May Transform Treatment for Heart Failure Stem cells may transform the way doctors treat heart failure

Doctors Repair Soldiers' Wounds with Biological Scaffolding Material Regrowing muscles, tendons and even organs may be possible using nature's own adhesive

Use for 3-D Printers: Creating Internal Blood Vessels for Kidneys, Livers, Other Large Organs To build large organs that work properly, researchers need to find a way to lace them with blood vessels

Neural Stem Cell Transplants May One Day Help Parkinson's Patients, Others Neurodegenerative disorders devastate the brain, but doctors hope one day to replace lost cells

This article was originally published with the title The Future of Medicine.

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Future of Medicine : Advances in Regenerative Medicine Teach Body How to Rebuild Damaged Muscles, Tissues and Organs

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What advances are driving clinical applications of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine ?

Posted: March 29, 2013 at 11:48 pm

Public release date: 29-Mar-2013 [ | E-mail | Share ]

Contact: Vicki Cohn vcohn@liebertpub.com 914-740-2100 x2156 Mary Ann Liebert, Inc./Genetic Engineering News

New Rochelle, NY, Mar 28, 2013Explosive growth in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine has led to innovative and promising applications and techniques, many of which are now being tested in human clinical trials. Hot topics, research advances, and transformative publications that are driving the field forward are highlighted in a comprehensive overview of the field presented in Tissue Engineering, Part B, Reviews, a peer-reviewed journal from Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. publishers (http://www.liebertpub.com). The article is available on the Tissue Engineering website (http://www.liebertpub.com/ten).

Matthew Fisher, PhD and Robert Mauck, PhD, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, and Philadelphia Veterans Administration Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, identify four key areas in which the field is progressing. The first main theme, in the area of tissue engineering, focuses on advances in grafts and materials, including human or animal tissue from which the cells are removed and the remaining scaffold is used to regenerate new tissues, as well as scaffolds made of new types of biomaterials. Second, in the field of regenerative medicine, the authors highlight the role of novel scaffolds and various growth and control factors in promoting tissue formation and, for example, bone healing.

In the article "Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine: Recent Innovations and the Transition to Translation," (http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.1089/ten.teb.2012.0723) the authors identify two additional areas that signal progress in the field: the increasing number of applications advancing into clinical trials; and the growing use of novel types of cells, such as induced pluripotent stem cells.

"Considering the rapid pace of growth and development in regenerative medicine, it is imperative that we fully consider recent advances," says Reviews Co-Editor-in-Chief John P. Fisher, PhD, Professor and Associate Chair, Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD. "Dr. Matthew Fisher and Dr. Robert Mauck have wonderfully reviewed the efforts in the tissue engineering field over the past few years, highlighting advances in biomaterials, cell-based constructs, and translational endeavors."

###

About the Journal

Tissue Engineering is an authoritative peer-reviewed journal published monthly in print and online in three parts: Part A--the flagship journal; Part BReviews; and Part CMethods. Led by Co-Editors-In-Chief Antonios Mikos, PhD, Louis Calder Professor at Rice University, Houston, TX, and Peter C. Johnson, MD, Vice President, Research and Development, Avery Dennison Medical Solutions of Chicago, IL and President and CEO, Scintellix, LLC, Raleigh, NC, the Journal brings together scientific and medical experts in the fields of biomedical engineering, material science, molecular and cellular biology, and genetic engineering. Tissue Engineering is the Official Journal of the Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine International Society (TERMIS). Complete tables of content and a sample issue may be viewed on the Tissue Engineering website (http://www.liebertpub.com/ten).

About the Publisher

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What advances are driving clinical applications of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine ?

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Japanese researchers reach breakthrough in breast cancer regenerative medicine

Posted: March 22, 2013 at 12:54 am

By: PNA/Bernama March 22, 2013 8:52 AM

Reuters file photo of a breast cancer survivor

InterAksyon.com The online news portal of TV5

TOKYO -- Japanese researchers have achieved a major breakthrough in regenerative medicine for breast cancer patients, Japanese news agency Jiji Press reported.

The researchers succeeded in having breast cancer patients recover what was lost after breast-conserving surgery, an operation to remove breast cancer and not breast itself by transplanting fat mixed with their own stem cells.

The achievement was made by a team of researchers led by Bin Nakayama, associate professor at Tottori University during clinical testing conducted between September and January on five women aged between 30 and 60 who underwent breast-conserving surgery.

Durng the tests, fat taken out of the patients' abdomen or hips and mixed with their stem cells was transplanted into where tumours and surrounding tissues were removed.

The researchers said that if only fat is transplanted, most of it is absorbed into the body and about 30 per cent of it remains as it does not have blood vessels.

Between 70 to 90 per cent of transplanted fat remained after blood vessels were newly formed in the fat.

Stem cells are apparently capable of helping bring blood vessels into fat from surrounding tissues, the researchers added.

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Cord Blood Registry is Advancing Regenerative Medicine Research at Exciting Pace

Posted: March 20, 2013 at 9:52 am

SAN BRUNO,Calif., March 19, 2013 /PRNewswire/ --Cord Blood Registry (CBR), the world's largest newborn stem cell bank, is fueling innovation in newborn stem cell research. As CBR prepares to release its 250th cord blood unit for medical use this month, the newborn stem cell bank announces that 71% of all its units released for use have been for emerging applications in regenerative medicine, such as brain injury, autism and type 1 diabetes. The other 29% have been for traditional transplant use, such as leukemia and sickle cell disease. This rapid increase in the use of family banked units for regenerative medicine applications is a complete reversal from the figures just six years ago, where 25% of the units released were for regenerative medicine applications and 75% for traditional transplant use. More than 50% of all cord blood units released for use in emerging regenerative therapies by family banks have been processed and stored at CBR. CBR is the only family newborn stem cell bank to have established FDA-regulated trials and is connecting client families to more potential treatments. As the industry leader in this initiative, Cord Blood Registry continues to focus on advancing the clinical applications of newborn stem cells.

(Photo: http://photos.prnewswire.com/prnh/20130319/SF78273-INFO)

(Logo: http://photos.prnewswire.com/prnh/20120216/AQ54476LOGO)

Over the past 20 years, cord blood stem cells have been used to treat more than 80 life-threatening diseases and disorders including certain cancers, blood disorders, immune diseases, and metabolic disorders. Today, promising treatments are paving the way for further research. Current FDA-regulated clinical trials are exploring the use of a child's own cord blood stem cells in regenerative medicine for conditions that have no cure today. Most of these groundbreaking trials only use cord blood stem cells processed and stored by Cord Blood Registry for consistency and because of their commitment to quality.

"At an increased pace, CBR is providing families exclusive access to promising new potential treatment options through our focus on clinical trials," said Geoffrey Crouse, CEO of Cord Blood Registry. "We are proud to partner with researchers at the forefront of stem cell medicine."

Clinical Trials Break New Ground in Regenerative Medicine

Cord blood stem cells are currently being evaluated in a series of clinical trials exclusive to CBR clients as potential treatment for autism, cerebral palsy, traumatic brain injury and pediatric stroke. Results will be published upon the completion of the trials.

Dr. Michael Chez, director of pediatric neurology at Sutter Medical Center, is leading a landmark FDA-regulated clinical trial to test the use of a child's own cord blood stem cells as a potential therapy to improve language and behavior in children with autism who have no obvious cause for the condition such as a known genetic syndrome or brain injury.

Dr. James Carroll at Georgia Regents University is conducting the first FDA-regulated clinical trial evaluating the use of cord blood stem cell infusions to treat children with cerebral palsy. Drake Haynes, who suffered a stroke after birth and was later diagnosed with cerebral palsy, was infused with his own CBR processed stem cells. Drake's progress is constantly being monitored and he continues to see multiple physical therapists. His family reports anecdotal evidence of steady progress in Drake's speech and mobility. Drake's mother, Nikki Haynes, describes it as the "blinds being lifted." A second FDA-regulated trial for cerebral palsy is underway at Duke University. A number of CBR families are currently participating in this key research as well.

Dr. Charles Cox, professor of pediatric surgery at The University of Texas Health Science Center in Houston (UT Health), is leading an FDA-regulated trial studying the use of a child's own cord blood stem cells in the treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI).

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Regenerative Medicine Market to Catapult to Over $35 Billion by 2019

Posted: March 12, 2013 at 1:46 am

NEW YORK, NY--(Marketwire - Mar 11, 2013) - TriMarkPublications.com cites in its newly published "Regenerative Medicine Markets" report that the regenerative medicine market will catapult to over $35 billion by 2019. For more information, visit: http://www.trimarkpublications.com/regenerative-medicine-markets/.

Regenerative medicine (RM) can be categorized into three main modalities: tissue engineering, biomaterials and biomolecules, e.g., scaffolds, growth factors and stem cell therapy. Tissue-engineered bone products in the orthopedic segment will see steady growth, from $7.5 billion in 2012 to $3.29 billion in 2019. The up-and-coming cardiology and vascular products segment will also see substantial growth, reaching a market value of $3.29 over the forecast period.

The "Regenerative Medicine Markets" report covers:

The "Regenerative Medicine Markets" report examines companies manufacturing regenerative medicine equipment and supplies in the world. Companies covered include: Amorcyte, Ars Arthro, Axiogenesis, AxoGen, Bellicum, BetaStem, Bioheart, Biomet, BioMimetic, BioTissue, Biovest, BrainStorm Cell, California Stem Cell, Cardio3, Cellartis, CellSeed, Cellular, Chromocell, Cognate, Cook, Cytomedix, Cytonet, Cytori, DanDrit, Fibrocell, Forticell, Gamida, Harvest, Histogenics, Humacyte, Integra, Intercytex, iPierian, Japan Tissue Engineering, Kensey Nash, Kiadis, Life Cell, Living Cell, MaxCyte, MediStem, Mesoblast, MolMed, NanoCor, Neuralstem, NeuroNova, NewLink Genetics, Olympus Terumo, OncoMed, Opexa, Organogenesis, Orthovita, Osiris, Osteotech, Pervasis, Pluristem, Proneuronnologies, RegeneRx, ReNeuron, Revivicor, SanBio, Saneron, Sangamo, Stem Cell Authority, StemCells, Stemline, Stratetech, Synthecon, Tengion, Thermogenesis, TiGenics, Tissue Genesis, ViaCyte, Vistagen and Zen-Bio.

Detailed charts with sales forecasts and marketshare data are included. For more information, visit: http://www.trimarkpublications.com/regenerative-medicine-markets/.

About TriMarkPublications.com

TriMarkPublications.com is a global leader in the biotechnology, healthcare and life sciences market research publishing. For more information, please visit http://www.trimarkpublications.com.

Important Notice

The statements contained in this news release that are forward-looking are based on current expectations that are subject to a number of uncertainties and risks, and actual results may differ materially.

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Induced pluripotent stem cells in degenerative disease research

Posted: February 28, 2013 at 4:51 am

Abstract

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were first created in 2006 when it was shown that four gene factors could be used to reprogramme somatic cells to a stem cell-like state. Using this protocol, scientists could have a large, ethical supply of stem cells for research. This article considers some of the uses of iPSCs in developing degenerative disease therapies and some of the hurdles yet to be overcome before iPSCs can be used clinically.

Stem cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells that can give rise to any of the body’s cells. There are many different types of stem cells in the body, but they all share major characteristics including clonality and the ability to self-renew (Evans and Kaufman, 1981). There are numerous benefits of using stem cells in research including scientists’ ability to manipulate them into the desired differentiated cell type. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs), especially, have enabled research into degenerative human diseases and offer potential cures for many disease types. However, there are numerous ethical issues associated with ESCs due to their provenance. Differentiated adult tissue cells (somatic cells) have recently been shown to be reprogrammable, creating induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) (Takahashi and Yamanaka, 2006). This process avoids many of the ethical issues associated with ESCs. This article will discuss the recent progresses made with using iPSCs and the challenges yet to be overcome.

The importance of stem cells in regenerative disease models

Degenerative diseases are characterised by the progressive loss of particular cell types. Some well known examples include Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and multiple sclerosis. However, despite the frequency of degenerative diseases, research into degeneration has been hindered due to the lack of representative in vitro models. So far, research has relied on the pluripotent characteristics of ESCs and has shown that lab-grown ESCs have the potential to replace lost tissues, for example by differentiating into brain, nerve and bone tissues amongst others (Lin, 2011; Handschel et al., 2011).

In spite of the advantages of ESCs, there are limitations to their use. ESCs cannot be cultured in sufficient quantities for regenerative medicine, partly due to their provenance: obtaining cells from embryos raises major ethical issues.

As a consequence, recent research has focused on finding alternative methods of generating representative disease models. Many barriers have arisen such as mature neurones not being able to divide, immortalised cell lines not being truly pluripotent and adult stem cells already being committed to a particular cell type. In this case, the cells rarely survived the neuronal differentiation process (Peng and Zeng, 2011).

The discovery of iPSCs

In 2006, it was discovered that gene factors could be used to induce somatic cell reprogramming. It was shown that any adult mouse tissue cell can be reprogrammed to an iPSC using a set of four gene factors (Takahashi and Yamanaka, 2006). Just a year later, it was shown that the same four gene factors could also be used to genetically reprogramme human somatic cells (Takahashi et al., 2007). The four factors used by Takahashi and Yamanaka were Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc (OSKM), though later work successfully substituted Klf4 and c-Myc with Lin28 and Nanog respectively (giving OSLN).

This technique enabled scientists to culture iPSCs from any somatic cell, providing an unlimited supply of stem cells. Additionally, ESCs and iPSCs have been shown to share many characteristics including morphology, proliferation, gene expression and surface antigens (Takahashi et al., 2007; Kolios and Moodley, 2013). The reprogramming process bypasses the ethical issues and the quantitative limitations of ESCs. Disease-specific models can now be cultured, overcoming many limitations of previously available systems (Peng and Zeng, 2011).

Brief overview of the steps for reprogramming

Reprogramming is initiated by introducing the four factors, OSKM or OSLN, into mature adult somatic cells. These factors bind in a specific order to their targets and induce the cellular stress response to viruses and oncogenes. This in turn recruits p53, which is crucial in ensuring that only cells with genomic integrity survive to the pluripotent stage. It has been shown that c-Myc is fundamental in both the early stages of translation and in decreasing expression of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF)-enriched miRNAs, which are barriers to reprogramming (Yang and Rana, 2013).

The next step in reprogramming is mesenchymal-to-epithelial (MET) transition, which is essential for some cells to start their de-differentiation process. During MET transition, the reprogrammed cells start to display pluripotency markers. Of these markers, SSEA-1 is the first to be expressed and indicates potential iPSCs. The expression of additional factors mark a successful and complete reprogramming (Yang and Rana, 2013).

The potential for iPSCs

The unlimited supply and differentiation capacities of iPSCs means models of many diseases can now be created for research. These models enable scientists to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms of diseases, potentially leading to cell-based therapy.

Another major clinical opportunity for iPSCs is tolerance to treatment. Somatic cells can be taken and reprogrammed from the person requiring treatment, meaning a personalised diagnosis and the conservation of their specific cell markers. This should prevent immune rejection (Park et al., 2008). Disease models are expected to be more accurate with iPSCs; as the cells are taken directly from the diseased patients, the genetic makeup of the disease can be conserved (Dimos et al., 2008).

Drug development is another area made easier with iPSCs. Reprogramming means large quantities of pluripotent stem cells. iPSCs can be created as long as researchers have access to adult somatic cells. Drug development requires numerous assays and an increase in the quantity of pluripotent stem cells is invaluable for progress. Furthermore the reprogramming protocol is fairly straightforward (Oh et al., 2012). However, it should be noted that, at present, it is not yet known how iPSCs would behave in a clinical environment compared to ESCs (Kolios and Moodley, 2013).

Limitations to iPSC use: safety concerns

The main iPSC safety concern is genetic stability. The use of retroviral vectors and oncogenes such as c-Myc and Klf4 are a major cause of concern for clinical studies. The transcription factors are typically introduced into the somatic cells using vectors, generating a possibility of cancer formation (Kolios and Moodley, 2013; Okita et al., 2007).

There are new techniques emerging that prevent genetic instability. Reprogramming can be achieved using just two of the four gene factors mentioned. Oct4 and Soc2 can induce reprogramming without the other oncogenic factors in the presence of a histone deacetylase inhibitor (Huangfu et al., 2008).

Alternatively, microRNAs, along with Oct4, Sox2 and Klf4, can induce reprogramming and actually increase the rate of efficiency with respect to the OSKM factors alone. New viral vectors and recombinant proteins have also been considered as alternatives to the OSKM factors (Ebben et al., 2011).

Limitations to iPSC use: supply concerns

As research progresses, the main provenance of iPSCs will likely be from diseased patients’ somatic cells. This will make iPSCs much more easily available than ESCs, but will not necessarily solve supply problems completely. Reprogramming is not an efficient process, and many somatic cells do not complete it (Polo et al., 2012).  Stem cells are also known for their delicacy and specific culture requirements. A lot of laboratory equipment is too abrasive for stem cells and is susceptible to regularly blocking. This said, recent progress in automated liquid handlers design means that robots capable of handling stem cells do now exist (e.g. Redd&Whyte’s Preddator).

Conclusions

Since the first creation of iPSCs in 2006, research has come a long way. We are now able to create patient-specific and disease-specific degenerative disease models. However, before clinical trials with iPSCs can occur, some important barriers remain to be overcome. The full potential of iPSCs to improve our understanding of diseases is not yet clear, but progress in this field is clearly happening quickly.

About The Author: Clare Stewart is a biochemistry student at the University of Manchester, she has written this post on behalf of Redd & Whyte

References: 

Dimos, J. T., Rodolfa, K. T., Niakan, K. K., Weisenthal, L. M., Mitsumoto, H., Chung, W., Croft, G. F., Saphier, G., Leibel, R., Goland, R., Wichterle, H., Henderson, C. E. & Eggan, K. (2008) Induced pluripotent stem cells generated from patients with ALS can be differentiated into motor neurons. Science, 321(5893), 1218-1221.

Ebben, J. D., Zorniak, M., Clark, P. A. & Kuo, J. S. (2011) Introduction to Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: Advancing the Potential for Personalized Medicine. World Neurosurgery, 76(3-4), 270-275.

Evans, M. J. & Kaufman, M. H. (1981) Establishment In Culture Of Pluripotential Cells From Mouse Embryos. Nature, 292(5819), 154-156.

Handschel, J., Naujoks, C., Depprich, R., Lammers, L., Kubler, N., Meyer, U. & Wiesmann, H. P. (2011) Embryonic stem cells in scaffold-free three-dimensional cell culture: osteogenic differentiation and bone generation. Head & Face Medicine, 7.

Huangfu, D. W., Osafune, K., Maehr, R., Guo, W., Eijkelenboom, A., Chen, S., Muhlestein, W. & Melton, D. A. (2008) Induction of pluripotent stem cells from primary human fibroblasts with only Oct4 and Sox2. Nature Biotechnology, 26(11), 1269-1275.

Kolios, G. & Moodley, Y. (2013) Introduction to Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine. Respiration, 85(1), 3-10.

Lin, S. L. (2011) Concise Review: Deciphering the Mechanism Behind Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Generation. Stem Cells, 29(11), 1645-1649.

Oh, Y. Z., Wei, H. M., Ma, D. R., Sun, X. M. & Liew, R. (2012) Clinical applications of patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells in cardiovascular medicine. Heart, 98(6), 443-449.

Okita, K., Ichisaka, T. & Yamanaka, S. (2007) Generation of germline-competent induced pluripotent stem cells. Nature, 448(7151), 313-U1.

Park, I. H., Lerou, P. H., Zhao, R., Huo, H. G. & Daley, G. Q. (2008) Generation of human-induced pluripotent stem cells. Nature Protocols, 3(7), 1180-1186.

Peng, J. & Zeng, X. M. (2011) The role of induced pluripotent stem cells in regenerative medicine: neurodegenerative diseases. Stem Cell Research & Therapy, 2.

Polo, J. M., Anderssen, E., Walsh, R. M., Schwarz, B. A., Nefzger, C. M., Lim, S. M., Borkent, M., Apostolou, E., Alaei, S., Cloutier, J., Bar-Nur, O., Cheloufi, S., Stadtfeld, M., Figueroa, M. E., Robinton, D., Natesan, S., Melnick, A., Zhu, J. F., Ramaswamy, S. & Hochedlinger, K. (2012) A Molecular Roadmap of Reprogramming Somatic Cells into iPS Cells. Cell, 151(7), 1617-1632.

Takahashi, K., Tanabe, K., Ohnuki, M., Narita, M., Ichisaka, T., Tomoda, K. & Yamanaka, S. (2007) Induction of pluripotent stem cells from adult human fibroblasts by defined factors. Cell, 131(5), 861-872.

Takahashi, K. & Yamanaka, S. (2006) Induction of pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic and adult fibroblast cultures by defined factors. Cell, 126(4), 663-676.

Yang, C. S. & Rana, T. M. (2013) Learning the molecular mechanisms of the reprogramming factors: let's start from microRNAs. Molecular Biosystems, 9(1), 10-17.

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New Study at the Center for Regenerative Medicine – Mayo Clinic – Video

Posted: February 20, 2013 at 1:47 pm


New Study at the Center for Regenerative Medicine - Mayo Clinic
The Center for Regenerative Medicine at Mayo Clinic investigates what advances of stem cell biology would be useful to apply in the treatment of patients with end stage diseases. Jorge Rakela, MD, associate director for the Center, provides an overview of the Center which is also involved in a tissue engineering program with Arizona State University. Jeffery Cornella, MD, a gynecological surgeon at Mayo Clinic, and Johnny Yi, MD, a surgical fellow at Mayo Clinic, talk about a study underway to develop new tissue to aid in the treatment of vaginal prolapse and other conditions.

By: mayoclinic

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New Study at the Center for Regenerative Medicine - Mayo Clinic - Video

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Regenerative medicine and Stem cells Partnering Terms and Agreements

Posted: February 20, 2013 at 1:47 pm

NEW YORK, Feb. 19, 2013 /PRNewswire/ -- Reportlinker.com announces that a new market research report is available in its catalogue:

Regenerative medicine and Stem cells Partnering Terms and Agreements http://www.reportlinker.com/p01098514/Regenerative-medicine-and-Stem-cells-Partnering-Terms-and-Agreements.html#utm_source=prnewswire&utm_medium=pr&utm_campaign=Biological_Therapy

The Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Partnering Terms and Agreements report provides comprehensive understanding and unprecedented access to the Regenerative medicine and Stem cells partnering deals and agreements entered into by the worlds leading healthcare companies.

Trends in regenerative medicine and stem cells deals Deal terms analysis Partnering agreement structure Partnering contract documents Top deals by value Most active dealmakers Average deal terms for regenerative medicine and stem cells

The report provides a detailed understanding and analysis of how and why companies enter regenerative medicine and stem cells partnering deals. The majority of deals are development stage whereby the licensee obtains a right or an option right to license the licensors regenerative medicine and stem cells technology. These deals tend to be multicomponent, starting with collaborative R&D, and commercialization of outcomes.

This report provides details of the latest regenerative medicine and stem cells agreements including cell therapy agreements announced in the healthcare sector.

Understanding the flexibility of a prospective partner's negotiated deals terms provides critical insight into the negotiation process in terms of what you can expect to achieve during the negotiation of terms. Whilst many smaller companies will be seeking details of the payments clauses, the devil is in the detail in terms of how payments are triggered contract documents provide this insight where press releases and databases do not.

This report contains a comprehensive listing of all regenerative medicine and stem cells partnering deals announced since 2008 including financial terms where available including over 550 links to online deal records as disclosed by the deal parties. In addition, where available, records include contract documents as submitted to the Securities Exchange Commission by companies and their partners.

Contract documents provide the answers to numerous questions about a prospective partner's flexibility on a wide range of important issues, many of which will have a significant impact on each party's ability to derive value from the deal.

For example, analyzing actual company deals and agreements allows assessment of the following:

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Regenerative medicine and Stem cells Partnering Terms and Agreements

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