Category Archives: Molecular Genetics

image:Children with Joubert Syndrome, like the girl in the image, may face a brighter future if hippocampal defects can be addressed. view more

Credit: JSUK

An important link has been found between the intellectual disability experienced by children with the rare disease Joubert Syndrome (JS) and defects in the hippocampus. The hippocampus is the part of the brain associated with learning and memory. It also plays a role in various neurological and psychiatric disorders.

Biologists at the University of Bath in the UK, led byDr Vasanta Subramanian,made this link in animal models by manipulating a gene (one of 34) known to cause JS in humans. Results fromthe studyare published inHuman Molecular Genetics.

By creating a deletion in the gene Talpid3 in healthy mice, graduate student Andrew L Bashford found that animals went on to develop defects to the primary cilia a cell structure that is essential in the development of the hippocampus. When examining the brains of mutant animals, the researchers observed defects in the hippocampus that bore a striking resemblance to those found in children with JS.

The primary cilia long, thin organelles that protrude from the surface of most cells work like cellular antennae, sending signals from the external environment of the cell to the interior, instructing the cell on how to behave (e.g. should it migrate, divide, stop dividing?). Primary cilia are important for the structure and function of many types of cells, including brain cells.

The findings from the study suggest a link between hippocampal defects, and the learning and memory deficits seen in JS patients. Malformations in the hindbrain (the lower part of the brainstem) are already known to be responsible for many of the physical symptoms associated with JS.

This is the first time we have seen a link between changes to the hippocampus and this disease in mouse models, said Dr Subramanian. This is an exciting area of research that we hope to continue making a contribution to. Joubert Syndrome is one of many rare diseases that has a devastating impact on those affected and is now rightly getting the research attention it deserves.

With further research on animal models, Dr Subramanian and her team expect to deepen their understanding of the causes of JS. In time, they hope drugs will be developed to target some of the genes or proteins involved in the disease, thereby alleviating symptoms or stopping the disease from developing in the first place.

Joubert Syndrome is a rare childhood disease that leads to poor muscle coordination, developmental delay, abnormal eye movements and neonatal breathing abnormalities. It is estimated that between 1 in 80,000 and 1 in 100,000 newborns are affected by the condition.

Speaking on behalf of the family-support organisation Joubert Syndrome UK, Faith Douthwaite said: We are delighted to hear about this new research, and also appreciate the dedication of medical professionals who continue to unravel the mysteries of Joubert Syndrome so as to improve the health and wellbeing of our beautiful and unique children.

Human Molecular Genetics

Experimental study

Animals

Hippocampal neurogenesis is impaired in mice with a deletion in the coiled coil domain of Talpid3-implications for Joubert Syndrome

26-Apr-2022

Disclaimer: AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert system.

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Joubert Syndrome: the link between intellectual disability and defects in the hippocampus - EurekAlert

Twenty-five University of Pennsylvania students and alumni have been offered Fulbright grants for the 2022-23 academic year, including 18 seniors who will graduate May 16.

They will conduct research, pursue graduate degrees, or teach English in Colombia, France, Germany, Greece, India, Jordan, Mexico, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Timor-Leste and the United Kingdom.

The Fulbright Program is the United States governments flagship international educational exchange program, awarding grants to fund as long as 12 months of international experience.

Most of the recipients applied for the Fulbright with support from Penns Center for Undergraduate Research and Fellowships.

Penn Fulbright grant recipients for 2022-23:

Aishwarya Balaji, from Frankfort, Kentucky, will graduate with the Class of 2022 with a bachelors degree in psychology and a minor in chemistry from the College of Arts and Sciences. She has been offered a Fulbright to conduct research on implicit biases on lemurs at the German Primate Center in Gttingen, Germany.

Gavin Blasdel, from Baltimore, is a Ph.D. candidate in ancient history in the School of Arts & Sciences. He has been offered a Fulbright to conduct research in Greece for his dissertation on the inscribed honorific statue monuments of Athens during the Roman Empire.

Lilian Chen, from San Jose, California, will graduate with the Class of 2022 with a degree in nursing and health care management through a dual-degree program between the School of Nursing and the Wharton School. She has been offered a Fulbright to teach English in Taiwan.

Ria Chinchankar, from Dubai, United Arab Emirates, will graduate in the Class of 2022 from Wharton, with a concentration in behavioral economics and business analytics. She has been offered a Fulbright to teach English in Mexico.

Amira Chowdhury, from Glendale, California, will graduate in the Class of 2022 with a bachelors degree in urban studies and political science and a minor in urban education, from the College. She is also graduating with her masters degree in social policy from the School of Social Policy & Practice. She has been offered a Fulbright to teach English in Timor-Leste.

Luke Coleman, from Dayton, Ohio, will graduate with the Class of 2022 with a bachelors degree from the College in philosophy, politics, and economics with a concentration in public policy and governance and minors in Hispanic studies and survey research and data analytics. He has been offered a Fulbright to teach English in Spain.

Sonali Deliwala, from Yardley, Pennsylvania, will graduate with the Class of 2022 with a bachelors degree in political science and economics and a minor in creative writing from the College. She has been offered a Fulbright to conduct research in India.

Alice Heyeh, from Chappaqua, New York, will graduate with the Class of 2022 with a bachelors degree in communication with a concentration in culture and society and minors in design and consumer psychology from the College. She has been offered a U.S.-U.K. Fulbright Arts Award to pursue a masters degree in communication design at Northumbria University in the United Kingdom.

Robin Hu, from Los Angeles, will graduate with the Class of 2022 with a bachelors degree in communication with a concentration in data and network science and a minor in chemistry from the College. She has been offered a Fulbright to teach English in Taiwan.

JAun Johnson, from Bowie, Maryland, will graduate with the Class of 2022 with a bachelors degree in dual romance languages with a concentration in French and Hispanic studies and a minor in chemistry from the College. He has been offered a Fulbright to teach English in Colombia.

Jordyn Kaplan, from Media, Pennsylvania, will graduate with the Class of 2022 with a bachelor's degree in American history and minors in urban education and political science from the College. She has been offered a Fulbright to teach English in Spain.

Erin Kraskewicz, from Elizabethtown, Pennsylvania, will graduate with the Class of 2022 with a bachelors degree in international relations and history from the College. She has been offered a Fulbright to teach English in Spain.

Becca Lee, from Pittsburgh, graduated with a bachelors degree in biochemistry and a minor in sociology in 2020 from the College and with a masters degree in chemistry in 2021 from the School of Arts & Sciences. She has been offered a Fulbright to teach English in Taiwan.

Shaila Lothe, from Richmond, Virginia, will graduate with the Class of 2022 with a dual degree majoring in political science in the College and concentrating in behavioral economics in Wharton and minoring in Hispanic studies. She has been offered a Fulbright in which she will be paired with a company or non-governmental organization and study international business in Mexico.

Brendan Lui, from Potomac, Maryland, will graduate with the Class of 2022 with a bachelors degree in political science with a concentration in comparative politics from the College. He has been offered a Fulbright to pursue a masters degree in political science at the University of Cologne in Germany.

Amin Marei, from Philadelphia, is a Ph.D. candidate in education, culture, and society in the Graduate School of Education. She has been offered a Fulbright to conduct research in Jordan.

Rebecca Morse, from Acton, Massachusetts, will graduate with the Class of 2022 with a bachelors degree in biology with a concentration in mechanisms of disease and minors in chemistry and French from the College. She has been offered a Fulbright to conduct research at the University of Geneva in Switzerland, studying the effect of previous acute infections on COVID-19 vaccine responses.

Wil Prall, from Philadelphia, is a Ph.D. candidate in biology concentrating in cell and molecular genetics in the School of Arts & Sciences. He has been offered a Fulbright to continue his thesis work in France at the Universite Paris-Saclay.

Avneet Randhawa, from Houston, Texas, graduated in 2021 with a bachelors degree in English with a concentration in 20th and 21st century modernisms from the College. She has been offered a Fulbright to teach English in Spain.

Kaitlyn Rentala, from Rye, New York, will graduate with the Class of 2022 with a bachelors degree in philosophy, politics, and economics with a concentration in globalization from the College. She is a recipient of a Fulbright-Schuman research grant to the European Union and will spend the academic year in Germany and the Netherlands conducting research on E.U. tech policy and political philosophy.

Anyara Rodriguez, from Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, will graduate with the Class of 2022 with a bachelors degree in neuroscience and political science with a minor in chemistry from the College. She has been offered a Fulbright to study the sleep and circadian influences on memory retrieval at Ludwig Maximillian University of Munich in Germany.

Lily Snider, from Philadelphia, graduated in 2020 with a bachelors degree in English with a concentration in creative writing from the College. She has been offered a Fulbright grant to complete a nonfiction, research-based creative writing project in the Azores, Portugal.

Stefan Tomov, from Las Vegas, Nevada, will graduate with the Class of 2022 with a bachelors degree in international studies and a Chinese language certificate from the College and a concentration in business analytics from Wharton as part of the Huntsman Program in International Studies and Business. He has been offered a Fulbright to teach English in Taiwan.

Irene Yee, from Manlius, New York, will graduate with the Class of 2022 with a bachelors degree in neuroscience and minors in chemistry and gender studies from the College. She has been offered a Fulbright to conduct research in Sweden.

Chloe Zhou, from San Jose, California, will graduate with the Class of 2022 with a masters degree in education from the Graduate School of Education. Zhou was part of the Urban Teaching Apprenticeship Program to be certified to teach English in secondary classrooms. Zhou has been offered a Fulbright to teach English in Taiwan.

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25 students and recent graduates awarded 2022 Fulbright grants | Penn Today - Penn Today

LEXINGTON, Ky. (May 10, 2022) Ilhem Messaoudi, Ph.D., chair of the University of Kentucky College of Medicines Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, is one of several UK experts who have been on the front lines of COVID-19 research throughout the pandemic.

As a virologist and immunologist, Messaoudis research focuses on better understanding viruses and the wide range of factors affecting the immune system. She recently sat down with UKNow to give us the latest on SARS-CoV-2 including what we know about the latest Omicron variants and what we might expect in the future.

UKNow: What is the latest when it comes to COVID-19 variants?

Although we are seeing the emergence of new Omicron subvariants (BA.2 sub-lineages and BA.2.BA.4 and BA.5) cases slightly on the rise, there is also no evidence that this new variant is causing disease that's more severe and we are not seeing an increase in hospitalizations, so that's all good news.

And even this new recombinant, XE, is very interesting. Recombination occurs when genetic material from two different variants are combined into one virus, which is something that happens very often in influenza, but is unusual in coronaviruses. Still, there is no evidence that this new recombinant will pose any more risk than any of the current variants that have been in circulation.

UKNow: While recent variants like Omicron have been more transmissible, they have been less harmful than the original strain of SARS-CoV-2. Do you think this trend will continue?

It's really hard to predict what's going to happen, but I definitely would caution against stating that the new variants are more harmful. We are seeing fewer hospitalizations because of vaccination and natural immunity but breakthrough infections (those in vaccinated individuals) continue to occur especially in older and immune-compromised individuals.

Its unclear how many more variants we will see.I'm not sure how many more mutations this virus can undergo before it starts to lose fitness. As the virus gets better at infecting and replicating in human cells, it's going to be more transmissible. But at the same time, it may lose some of the attributes that make it cause severe disease.

If you think about it, it is in the virus best interest to adapt to its host and not kill it, because then it has a higher chance of being transmitted and spreading across the population.

UKNow: Why haven't vaccines eradicated SARS-CoV-2?

It's almost impossible to eradicate a virus, especially one like SARS-CoV-2 that can replicate in multiple reservoirs and infect other animal species. The goal of the vaccine is not to eradicate the virus, it is to arm the immune system to respond quickly before the virus can replicate to high enough levels to cause severe disease and organ damage. The vaccine helps ensure that when we do get infected, we dont end up in the hospitalor die.

UKNow: Weve been hearing a lot about how we are in the endemic phase of the pandemic. What does that mean?

An endemic pathogen is something that we will continue to live with. A good example of that is H1N1: when it emerged in 2009, it caused a pandemic. Today, H1N1 is endemic because its now in circulation and we account for it in seasonal influenza vaccines. Again, because of the fact that SARS-CoV-2 can replicate in and infect other animal species, we expect that it will be with us for the foreseeable future.

UKNow: Does that mean it could become a seasonal respiratory virus?

Not necessarily. The reason why influenza is a seasonal virus is actually related to the migratory patterns of birds. Birds are the reservoir for influenza, so the disease moves as they migrate from the different hemispheres at specific times of the year. Following the birds is how scientists track influenza and predict what strains will be circulating each year.

SARS-CoV-2 can infect different animal reservoirs that live alongside people, not just migratory animals, so it wont necessarily be seasonal like influenza. However, when the weather becomes colder and people are more likely to gather indoors, it is likely that we will see spikes in cases

UKNow: Do you think there will be variant-specific booster shots in the future?

Again, I think the virus is reaching an equilibrium where potentially more mutations will make it less fit. However, after things stabilize, we may reach a point where there could be one variant every year that scientists could plan for and predict. In that case, we may consider making a new vaccine that's more tailored to whatever is in circulation at that point.

UKNow: As a researcher, what do you think are some of the crucial things we now know about COVID-19 that we didnt two years ago?

Early on, researchers did have some knowledge about SARS-CoV-2 based on what we already knew about other coronaviruses. But looking back at March 2020, we knew nothing about it compared to what we know today.

One of the biggest mysteries was why certain people got severe disease and others didn't. We now know that excessive inflammation stops an appropriate immune response from taking place and wreaks havoc on the organ systems. So in addition to antivirals, anti-inflammatories like dexamethasone have become a standard of care. Today, we have many more tools in our toolbox to prevent people from ending up in the ICU and dying.

Also, mRNA technology was in the background before COVID-19. Now people are investing in it and are talking about using it for many other viruses including HIV. mRNA vaccines have energized the field of vaccinology in a tremendous way.

Because weve diverted so many resources into understanding this one pathogen, we also understand so much more about the immune system, especially lung immunology, differences between the upper and lower respiratory tracts, and how age and metabolic disease disrupt immunity. I think we now hopefully have a better roadmap to address any new outbreaks if they occur.

Go here to read the rest:
UK Expert Weighs in on What Lies Ahead for COVID-19 - UKNow

The Role

We are seeking an enthusiastic Research Assistant with experience in histology and tissue processing of human and animal tissues and provide experimental support on research activities using molecular biological materials that contribute to the understanding of physiological function of neurons and processes in memory and learning.

The successful applicant will be responsible in the planning and conducting of experiments including immunostaining and neuropathological assessment in accordance with scientific standards, assisting with the preparation of research data for presentation and publication, drafting reports and scientific manuscripts as well as contributing to day-to-day laboratory management.

About You

You will be a motivated and organised research assistant experienced in histology and tissue processing and bring to the role knowledge of molecular biology, molecular genetics and protein biochemistry principles. Ideally, you will also have experience in microscopy and have the ability apply your knowledge of biomolecular research techniques to assist with research activities involving molecular biological materials. Use your strong written and verbal communication skills to liaise with various stakeholders and assist in the preparation of research data for presentation and publication.

About Us

Macquarie is the university of pioneering minds. Globally recognised as one of Australia's leading research universities, Macquarie is a place where extraordinary new possibilities come to light. We've helped people to hear, introduced wireless internet technology to the world and broken through traditional boundaries by appointing Australia's first female vice-chancellor.

Macquarie University's Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences builds on our aspiration to have the nation's first fully integrated Academic Health Sciences Centre under a university's leadership. It brings together the excellent work of medical and allied-health clinicians and researchers across the University and around the country, with unparalleled access to world-leading clinical resources and research facilities found only on our campus.

The Macquarie Medical School is committed to improving patient health through world-class fundamental and translational medical research. Within the School is the Dementia Research Centre which provides an environment for innovative, interdisciplinary research for dementia and basic neuroscience. The Dementia Research Centre is committed to providing a unique and supportive mentoring program to allow the growth of future leaders for neuroscience research.

Macquarie is a university engaged with the real and often complex problems and opportunities that define our lives. Since our foundation 54 years ago, we have aspired to be a different type of university. Over the years, we've grown to become the centre of a vibrant local and global community. Connect with us today.

To Apply

To be considered for this position, please apply online by submitting your CV and a separate (2-page maximum) cover letter that demonstrates how you meet the following selection criteria:

Essential Selection Criteria:

For detailed information about the position description, please contact Associate Professor Yazi Ke.

This position requires you to comply with occupational screening, assessment and vaccinations in line with Macquarie University requirements.

Applications for this position are only being accepted from Australian citizens or permanent residents or people currently residing in Australia with full working rights.

Specific Role Enquiries: Yazi Ke, Associate Professor in Neurobiology on yazi.ke@mq.edu.au

Applications Close: Sunday, 29 May 2022 at 11:55pm (AEST)

Macquarie University is committed to Equity, Diversity and Inclusion. We value individual difference and recognise the strength of a vibrant, diverse and inclusive workforce where the backgrounds, perspectives and experiences of our staff are a driving force for collaboration, innovation and impact.

We work to ensure genuine equality of opportunity for people regardless of their gender, age, cultural background, sexual orientation, gender identity, disability and/or family status, and we encourage you to apply for a position at Macquarie University.

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Research Assistant, Histology and Tissue Processing job with MACQUARIE UNIVERSITY - SYDNEY AUSTRALIA | 293181 - Times Higher Education

When Dr. Jessica Little laid eyes on the 56-year-old man, Mr. M, she immediately knew he was in bad shape.

Striking, painful red welts dotted his entire arm. He knew the cause of his rashes: an infection by Mycobacterium chelonae, a bacteria that eats away at the skin and soft tissue. Yet despite multiple antibiotic treatments over six months, his arm continued to disintegrate.

Even worse, the antibacterial treatments took a toll on his body. His kidneys were damaged. The joints in his hands, wrists, knees, and ankles throbbed with arthritis. Yet the welts continued to spread.

By the time we saw Mr. M, he had already been through a great deal, wrote Little. As our patient battled drug toxicities and refractory infection, we began to discuss one last option.

The highly experimental therapy is an unassuming virus called Muddy. Originally scraped from the bottom of a rotting eggplant, the Muddy worked remarkably well. In just eight months, with the help of surgery and careful antibiotics, Mr. Ms skin rashes cleared up. Biopsies of his skin showed no sign of Mycobacteria for the first time since the initial infection.

Muddy is a bacteriophageeater of bacteriaa giant virus thats a natural-born killer against even the toughest bacteria. These viruses are ubiquitous in nature. Theyre sprinkled in soil, floating in our sewage, and may even be hanging out on the bottom of your shoe. Despite their lowly origins, bacteriophages may be a savior for one of the most dangerous health crises of our time: antibiotic resistance.

Its easy to take antibiotics for granted. From treating random infections to helping ensure food security, theyre ubiquitous in our lives. Antibiotics work in different ways: they can target a phase of a bacterias growth, nipping the microbes in the bud, or break down their protective outer barriers.

The problem? Evolution. Bacteria are extremely well adapted to tackle a challenge through rapid gene mutations. When faced with the same antibiotic multiple times, the stronger ones remain, in that theyve adapted to the effects of the drug. Even crueler, these super-powered bacteria tend to prey on the weak, such as people with languishing immune systems.

Its a silently growing global crisis. By one estimate, in less than 30 years, superbugs will kill 10 million people annually. Without new drugs to combat these deadly pathogens, were sitting ducks.

We are currently facing a post-antibiotic era, in which common infections or minor injuries can become fatal, warned Dr. Joana Azerdo, a phage therapy expert at the University of Minho in Portugal, who was not involved in the study.

Enter good ole bacteriophages. Picture a 3D hexagonal head, a long neck, and tiny spidery arms. First independently discovered by British pathologist Frederick Twort and French-Canadian microbiologist Flix dHrelle, bacteriophages immediately caught the medical fields imagination as a potential ally in our ongoing war against bacteria. Evolved with bacteria, the virus seems like the perfect candidate in our fight against antibiotic resistance.

But not so fast. As viruses, phages can trigger our immune systems. Theyre also not a silver bullet; each phage needs to be tailored to the specific bacteria. Results of the few phage therapy trials have been inconsistent, depending on the type of infection and the health status of the patient. While generally safe, unexpected side effects, especially for a patient with an already weakened immune system, could derail the treatment.

As Mr. Ms doctors debated whether to proceed with phage therapy, his condition further deteriorated, with abscesses spreading to other parts of his body.

So, the team pulled the trigger on the experimental treatment.

The first step was to isolate the bacteria from the welts, as a target to screen bacteriophages against. They then contacted a specialized lab, led by study author Dr. Graham Hatfull at the University of Pittsburgh with expertise in Mycobacteria genetics and phage therapy. Previously, Hatfull made headlines by treating a teenager with a severe Mycobacteria infection using phages.

A molecular geneticist, Hatfull had amassed an astonishing library of phages, isolated from thousands of locations throughout the world. To narrow down potential candidates, the team homed in on roughly 20 phages that are effective against a similar bacteria. In less than a month, they found a candidate: a bacteriophage called Muddy. Isolated from the bottom of an eggplant in South Africa, the phage was highly efficient at tunneling into and killing the bacterial strain found in Mr. Ms sample.

This one phage show is quite rare, explained Little. Phage therapy is generally used as a cocktail of different types to enhance their potency. Relying on just a single strain is tricky business; if it misses the mark, then the therapy fails.

Despite the risks of failure, he remained determined to seek any possible treatment that might improve his quality of life, she said.

In June 2021, a year and a half after Mr. M began his medical roller-coaster ride, the doctors injected Muddy directly into his veins. Overall, the treatment was a smooth ride. With two injections daily, the man only experienced some flushing, chills, and nausea, which quickly went away. Frequent lab tests on his metabolism, liver function, and blood cell counts found everything normal. In roughly two weeks, his skin welts and rashes improved significantly, with steady improvement over the subsequent months, the authors wrote.

Its not all rainbows and roses. In just three days, Mr. Ms immune system began generating antibodies against Muddy. By week 16, the antibody response skyrocketed, suggesting that his body may have been attacking the phage therapy.

We dont yet know why this happens. While mounting evidence suggests a potential clinical benefit of phage therapy, many questions remain, wrote Little. For example, its possible that the bacteria can adapt to phages, sapping their bacteria-killing power. Long-term effects of phage therapy on the immune system are also a mystery, particularly for people who already have weakened immune responses. And while multiple phage therapy trials are in the works, so far most reports have been single caseslike that of Mr. M.

Clinical trials are needed to better understand the benefits of phage therapy on a larger scale and in a more controlled setting, said Little.

Despite the unknowns, Mr. M opted to continue his therapy, with the goal to eventually phase it out to accommodate medications for his other health troubles. As for Little, she urges the community to keep exploring phages as a therapeutic option.

Our world is littered with phages in the earth, water, and air, and crowd-sourcing programs like SEA-PHAGES (Science Education Alliance-Phage Hunters Advancing Genomics and Evolutionary Science) are helping catalog the often-overlooked viruses. Each find may be a cure for an antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

There are an incredible number of different phages that can treat unique bacteriathis is precision medicine and it is complicatedbut I believe that the development of non-antibiotic, pathogen-focused strategies to complement the tools we already have is very important at this moment, said Little. But to get the therapy into patient hands, we need to understand the safety, the factors driving the development of bacterial resistance, and how the bodys immune response interacts with the phages.

Image Credit: neotam / 170 images

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A Virus Just Wiped Out Antibiotic-Resistant Infection in an Immunocompromised Patient - Singularity Hub

Molecular Biology Enzymes, Reagents and Kits Market is valued approximately at USD 12.7 billion in 2019 and is anticipated to grow with a healthy growth rate of more than 11% over the forecast period 2020-2027.

This study aims to define market sizes and forecast the values for different segments and countries in the coming eight years. The study aims to include qualitative and quantitative perspectives about the industry within the regions and countries covered in the report. The report also outlines the significant factors, such as driving factors and challenges, that will determine the markets future growth.

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Molecular biology enzymes, reagents, and kits finds extensive application in a wide range of fields, including, drug discovery, life science research, diagnostic testing, research and development. They are primarily used for analysis of cell surface makers that act as a therapeutic and/or diagnostic target. The rise in number of new molecular kits and reagents due to rise in prevalence of infectious diseases and genetic disorder, along with surging technological advancements in life science industry are few factors responsible for the market growth during the forecast period.

For instance, in November 2019, Asuragen, Inc. has launched a new the AmplideX PCR/CE SMN1/2 Plus Kit that provides easy-to-use products for complex testing in oncology and genetics. This kit is compatible with a wide range of thermal cycling equipment. Similarly, in January 2020, Agilent Technologies has unveiled a new SureSelect XT HS2 DNA Kit, which is intended to overwhelm the challenges confronted by researchers throughout the preparation of DNA sequencing libraries. This novel kit facilitates the researchers to select the workflow that better outfit their necessities.

Thus, these initiatives undertaken by manufacturers are likely to promote the adoption of molecular biology enzymes, reagents and kits all over the world. However, the high cost and limited reimbursements for genetic testing are the major factors inhibiting the market growth over the forecast period of 2020-2027.

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The regional analysis of the global Molecular Biology Enzymes, Reagents and Kits market is considered for the key regions such as Asia Pacific, North America, Europe, Latin America, and the Rest of the World. North America is the leading/significant region across the world in terms of market share owing to the rise in funding for genomics research, along with the presence of a significant number of market vendors in the region. Whereas Asia-Pacific is anticipated to exhibit the highest growth rate / CAGR over the forecast period 2020-2027. Factors such as the rising life science and drug discovery research activities across developing countries, such as China and India, would create lucrative growth prospects for the molecular biology enzymes, reagents and kits market across the Asia-Pacific region.

A release on June 8th, 2021, by the Bureau and Economic Analysis and U.S. The Census Bureau reports the recovery of the U.S. market. The report also described the recovery of U.S. International Trade in July 2021.In April 2021, exports in the country reached $300 billion, an increase of $13.4 billion. In April 2021, imports amounted to $294.5 billion, increasing by $17.4 billion. COVID19 is still a significant issue for economies around the globe, as evidenced by the year-over-year decline in exports in the U.S. between April 2020 and April 2021 and the increase in imports over that same period of time. The market is clearly trying to recover. Despite this, it means there will be a direct impact on the Healthcare/ICT/Chemical industries, resulting in a large market for Market

Major market player included in this report are:QiagenNew England BiolabsIllumina, Inc.Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.Agilent Technologies, Inc.Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc.F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd.Merck KGaAPromega CorporationTakara Bio, Inc.

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The objective of the study is to define market sizes of different segments & countries in recent years and to forecast the values to the coming eight years. The report is designed to incorporate both qualitative and quantitative aspects of the industry within each of the regions and countries involved in the study. Furthermore, the report also caters the detailed information about the crucial aspects such as driving factors & challenges which will define the future growth of the market. Additionally, the report shall also incorporate available opportunities in micro markets for stakeholders to invest along with the detailed analysis of competitive landscape and product offerings of key players.

The detailed segments and sub-segment of the market are explained below:

By Product:Kits & ReagentsEnzymes

By Application:CloningSequencingPCREpigeneticsOthers

By End-Use:Pharma & BiotechAcademic & ResearchHospital & Diagnostics

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By Region:North AmericaU.S.CanadaEuropeUKGermanyFranceSpainItalyROE

Asia PacificChinaIndiaJapanAustraliaSouth KoreaRoAPACLatin AmericaBrazilMexicoRest of the World

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What are the aspects of this report that relate to regional analysis?

The reports geographical regions include North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, the Middle East, and Africa.The report provides a comprehensive analysis of market trends, including information on usage and consumption at the regional level.Reports on the market include the growth rates of each region, which includes their countries, over the coming years.How are the key players in the market assessed?This report provides a comprehensive analysis of leading competitors in the market.The report includes information about the key vendors in the market.The report provides a complete overview of each company, including its profile, revenue generation, cost of goods, and products manufactured.The report presents the facts and figures about market competitors, alongside the viewpoints of leading market players.A market report includes details on recent market developments, mergers, and acquisitions involving the key players mentioned.

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Molecular Biology Enzymes, Reagents and Kits Market 2022 Outlook By Industry Size, Share, Revenue, Regions and Top Key Players Analysis 2030 SMU...

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A new study reveals the strongest evidence to date that all bison in North America carry multiple small, but clearly identifiable, regions of DNA that originated from domestic cattle.

Researchers compared genome sequences among the major historical lineages of bison to 1,842 domestic cattle, establishing that all analyzed bison genomes contained evidence of cattle introgression.

This comparative study clearly documents that the people responsible for saving the bison from extinction in the late 1800s are also responsible for introducing cattle genetics into this species, says James Derr, a researcher with the Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences (CVMBS).

The study updates findings from a series of studies published 20 years ago in which Derrs team revealed that only a few bison herds existed that appeared to be free of domestic cattle introgression. Now, with better genetic technology, these researchers have shown that even those herds are not free from hybridization.

Today, it appears that all major public, private, tribal, and non-governmental organization bison herds have low levels of cattle genomic introgression, says Sam Stroupe, a PhD student in Derrs lab and first author of the study in Scientific Reports.

This includes Yellowstone National Park, as well as Elk Island National Park in Canada, which were thought to be free of cattle introgression based on previous genetic studies.

These new findings will also have ramifications for bison conservation efforts; in this case, their findings could actually make conservation efforts easier, since certain herds will no longer need to be isolated, Derr says.

This shared genetic ancestry is the result of multiple hybridization events between North American bison and cattle over the last 200 years, which followed the well documented bison population crash of the 1800s.

Those hybridization events were mostly human-made, as cattle ranchers in the late 1800s intentionally bred domestic cattle with bison in an effort to create a better beef-producing animal. While the crossbreeding was successful, it failed to achieve their main purpose, and the effort was largely abandoned.

At the same time, William Hornaday and the American Bison Society were beginning national conservation efforts, sounding the alarm that North American bison were being driven to extinction. As a result, a national movement began to establish new bison conservation populations and preserve existing bison populations.

However, the only bison available to establish these new conservation herds were almost exclusively animals from the cattlemens private herds.

As a result, these well-intentioned hybridization efforts leave a complicated genetic legacy, says Brian Davis, a CVMBS researcher. Without these private herds, it is possible bison would have become extinct. At the same time, this intentional introduction of interspecies DNA resulted in remnant cattle footprints in the genomes of the entire contemporary species.

We now have the computational and molecular tools to compare bison genomic sequences to thousands of cattle and conclusively determine the level and distribution of domestic cattle genetics in bison that represent each of these historical bison lineages, he says.

Its important to recognize that although hybridization between closely related wildlife species has occurred naturally over timewell-known examples include coyotes and eastern wolves, grizzlies and polar bears, and bobcats and Canadian lynxthe bison-cattle hybridization is almost entirely a purposeful, human-made event that happened to coincide with the tremendous population bottleneck of the late 1800s, Derr says.

Two primary events, an extremely small bison population size and widespread interest in developing hybrid animals, changed and shaped the genomes of this species in ways we are just now starting to understand, Derr says. Nevertheless, this species did survive and now they are thriving across the plains of North America.

As one of the worlds most iconic animals, bison play a number of important, and sometimes conflicting, roles in society.

While some consider them a wildlife species that shouldnt be domesticated, others consider them an important economic livestock animal; although bison are raised as wildlife in state and federal parks and wildlife refuges, most bison alive today are owned by private ranchers and are raised for meat and fiber production.

To others, they hold religious and spiritual roles, as well as being icons of continental pride. In 2016, bison were even named the US national mammal.

Though viewed in different ways, bison conservation is a priority to many different groups, and it is imperative that we agree to use the best available scientific information to make decisions moving forward, Stroupe says.

These findings clearly show that, using modern genomic biotechnology, we can uncover many historical details regarding the past histories of a species and use this information to provide informed stewardship in establishing conservation policies into the future.

Source: Texas A&M University

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All N. American bison have a bit of cattle DNA - Futurity: Research News

Mark Hixon diving.

Six faculty members at the University of Hawaii at Mnoa have been listed among the top 1,000 scientists in the disciplines of ecology and evolution. In the top 1% of their fields, UH scientists were ranked among 166,880 colleagues evaluated by Research.com.

School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technologys (SOEST) Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology (HIMB) Researcher Brian Bowen; SOEST Pacific Biosciences Research Center Professor Emeritus Michael Hadfield; School of Life Sciences Professor Mark Hixon; SOEST Department of Oceanography Professor Emeritus Craig Smith; SOEST HIMB Researcher Robert Toonen; and SOEST HIMB former director, the late Ruth Gates, were ranked among the worlds top scientists for ecology and evolution.

The ranking is constructed using the H-index data (a metric for evaluating the cumulative impact of an authors scholarly output and performance) gathered by Microsoft Academic and included only prominent scientists with an H-index of at least 30 for scientific papers published in the field of ecology and evolution.

This recognition demonstrates the superior quality of work by our faculty, providing further evidence of our status as one of the worlds great research universities, said UH Mnoa Provost Michael Bruno. Their research in ecology, conservation, and human impacts on the environment have led the way toward countless impactful discoveries, and we are proud to have them as part of our UH ohana.

Bowens research program is designed to resolve the origins of marine biodiversity in the service of conservation. Since joining the HIMB faculty in 2003, he has conducted range-wide genetic inventories of Hawaiian and Indo-Pacific reef fishes to inform the design of marine protected areas. Bowen is co-author of the best-selling textbook Diversity of Fishes, which will be published in a third edition later this year.

Hadfields scientific interests lie mainly in marine invertebrate larval ecology and metamorphosis and the roles of marine bacteria films as cues for larval settlement. His long-term research goals are aimed at understanding the factors that determine where larvae of bottom-living invertebrate animals settle and metamorphosea key to understanding how seafloor communities are established and maintained on all surfaces under salt water.

Hixons expertise is the ecology and conservation biology of coral reefs, presently focusing on how seaweed-eating fishes benefit corals. He has also studied kelp forest fishes, hummingbird behavior, deep-sea communities, fisheries ecology, and the invasion of the Caribbean Sea by Pacific lionfish.

Smith has strong interests in biodiversity, disturbance ecology and human impacts in seafloor ecosystems. He has conducted research in Antarctica, mangroves, submarine canyons, whale-fall communities, cold seeps, continental slopes, and abyssal plains to obtain a broad perspective of natural and stressed marine ecosystems. His most recent work includes assessing the impacts of climate warming on Antarctic fjord ecosystems, and designing marine protected areas to mitigate biodiversity loss from deep-sea mining.

Toonen has used lab and field experiments, molecular genetics, and computer modeling and more in an effort to address a variety of biological questions. From assessing cues for larval settlement to population genetics of marine invertebrates, sharks and turtles, to coral bleaching and conservation, Toonen approaches research from an ecological perspectiveto scale up from genes to individuals to populations.

Gates was a tireless innovator and advocate for coral reef conservation. Coral reefs around the world have experienced massive die off as a result of warming ocean temperatures, increasing acidity, pollution runoff from land and other threats. The focus of her most recent research was creating super corals, coral species occurring naturally in the ocean that could be trained to become more resilient to these harsh conditions. Gates passed away in 2018.

This recognition is an example of UH Mnoas goal of Excellence in Research: Advancing the Research and Creative Work Enterprise (PDF), one of four goals identified in the 201525 Strategic Plan (PDF), updated in December 2020.

For more information, see Research.com.

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(Chapel Hill, N.C. April 28, 2022) UNC-Chapel Hill faculty members Ralph S. Baric, Virginia Gray, and Jenny P. Ting were elected as members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences on April 28.

Ralph Baric is the William R. Kenan Jr. Distinguished Professor in the Department of Epidemiology and Professor in the Department of Microbiology and Immunology. His research specializes in coronaviruses and infectious diseases using molecular, genetic and biochemical approaches.

Virginia Gray is professor emerita in the College of Arts & Sciences political science department. Her teaching experience includes a variety of American politics courses, such as interest groups, state politics, fieldwork in the legislature and public policy. Her research spans a variety of topics, including state interest groups and public policy.

Jenny Ting is the William R. Kenan Jr. Distinguished Professor in the Department of Genetics. Her research focuses on using cutting edge ideas and technology to understand disease-relevant issues such as innate immunity, gene regulation, and inflammation among others.

The three join the 39 UNC-Chapel Hill faculty previously elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

Founded in 1780, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences is both an honorary society and an independent research center. Members are elected from across disciplines, professions and perspectives to examine new ideas, address issues and advance the public good. Membership is an honor, and also an opportunity to shape ideas and influence policy in areas as diverse as the arts, democracy, education, global affairs, and science. said Chair of the Academys Board of Directors Nancy C. Andrews. Over 13,500 members have been elected since its founding.

The new members join a distinguished group of individuals elected to the Academy before them. Notable members include Benjamin Franklin in 1781, Charles Darwin in 1874, Albert Einstein in 1924, Martin Luther King, Jr. In 1966, Stephen Jay Hawking in 1984, and Condoleezza Rice in 1997.

The complete list of individuals elected in 2022, including 37 International Honorary Members from 16 countries, is available here.

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Three UNC-Chapel Hill faculty elected as members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences - UNC News : UNC News - UNC News

When patients visit a healthcare provider complaining of respiratory illness, its often difficult for the provider to distinguish between a bacterial infection necessitating antibiotics and a viral infection. Because of this lack of clarity, providers sometimes will prescribe antibiotics as a just in case strategy. Unfortunately, indiscriminate use of antibiotics has resulted in antibiotic resistance and increased side effects. Even in cases where antibiotics are warranted, experts recommend the shortest course of antibiotics possible.

A recent prospective multicenter diagnostic study published in JAMA Network Open discussed a point-of-care test measuring host-gene expression that can differentiate between a bacterial infection and a viral one. Data on patients who visited US emergency departments with fever and acute respiratory syndrome symptoms was collected over a 5-year period from 2014 to 2019, with data on additional COVID-19 patients seen in the ER between March and December 2020. A total of 616 patients were included in the initial analysis, with 33 patients in the COVID-19 cohort.

Participants enrolled in the trial gave blood samples which were analyzed by a host response bacterial/viral test. The test, which takes about 45 minutes, measures the expression of 45 host messenger RNA targets. Based on the results, scientists were able to determine whether an infection was bacterial or viral with a high degree of accuracy.

The primary analysis included 334 subjects in whom the scientists were highly confident of the infection type based on microbiological test results or the analysis of a clinical panel. In this analysis, the test showed a sensitivity of 89.8% (95% confidence interval, 77.8%-96.2%) and a specificity of 82.1% (95% CI, 77.4%-86.6%) for bacterial infection. A secondary analysis looked at all 616 participants, including subjects whose infection source was less clear. This yielded a sensitivity of 86.4% (95% CI, 79.6%-92.5%) and a specificity of 71.9% (95% CI, 67.7%-75.9%) for bacterial infection. In both cases, the results were significantly more accurate than tests that measured the level of procalcitonin, a commonly used biomarker of bacterial infection.

Although symptoms of bacterial and viral infections are often quite similar, the microbes themselves are distinct. Because viral and bacterial pathogens are so different, our immune systems have evolved different ways of dealing with them, Ephraim Tsalik, MD, MHS, PhD, associate professor in the department of molecular genetics and microbiology at Duke University School of Medicine, and an author of the study, told Contagion. His team of scientists used machine learning to help them winnow down tens of thousands of genes to zoom in on the few dozen that exhibited changes indicating the immune system was responding to either a viral or bacterial infection.

In Tsaliks view, the greatest benefit of the test is its ability to confirm that an infection is not bacterial, as that frees healthcare providers from the pressure to prescribe antibiotics. "A lot of times, what patients come in for is reassurance, he said. If providers let patients know that their infection is likely viral and will run its course without intervention, instances of unnecessary antibiotic use can be avoided. While the test may miss a few infections that actually are bacterial, Tsalik stressed that patients can always return to providers and get a prescription for antibiotics should their clinical course indicate it.

The science behind the host response bacterial/viral test lends itself to any environment, according to Tsalik, although barriers such as cost, lack of personnel expertise, and workflow issues may hamper its distribution, at least in the near term. The hope is to make this available in a form that would be widely available, he said.

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Virus or Bacteria? Study Reveals Promising Test Results - Contagionlive.com