Monthly Archives: July 2022

Global Farm Animal Genetics Market is indeed the title of a substantial market research study conducted by MarketsandResearch.biz that looks at market growth prospects and opportunities. An industry synopsis, needs, product description, and goals, as well as an industry analysis, are included in the study. The researchs main objective is to offer a thorough overview of the industrys rivals, market trends, market potential, growth rate, and other skills that will be useful.

The study looks at the major barriers to market development, such as how global Farm Animal Genetics marketplaces may open up new doors. The following part covers expansion strategies and procedures, growth predictions, production methodology, and cost structures. The report will also include extensive consumption data, import and export statistics from regional and worldwide markets, revenue and gross profit margin estimations, and revenue and gross profit margin forecasts.

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The report also furnishes information on the country/regional level that help in understanding the fastest and largest country/region in Farm Animal Genetics market.

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The following are the top apps mentioned in the study:

The following businesses are featured prominently in the market report:

This research concentrates on a few important regions in terms of geography:

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The study will look at the key obstacles to market growth as well as the overall development prospects of the global Farm Animal Genetics market. The expansion goals and plans, as well as growth numbers, manufacturing methods, and cost structures, are all described in this paper. Detailed consumption data, regional and worldwide market import and export, revenue, and gross profit margin assessments may all have been included in the research.

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Farm Animal Genetics Market 2022 Comprehensive Insights, Growth and Forecast 2028 | Genus PLC, Hendrix Genetics, EW Group, Zoetis This Is Ardee -...

Although normal variations in height are common, many of those with extremely short stature have genetic mutations, found an almost two-year-long study by the genetic clinic of Sir Ganga Ram Hospital in Delhi.

The diagnosis of such mutations could be made just by assessing the clinical profile of the patients, with the genetic testing required in the rest.

The study included 455 individuals between the ages of 10 months and 16 years who came to the hospitals genetic clinic between January 2017 and October 2018. All the individuals were in the lower third percentile for their height at age. The study was done to assess the spectrum of genetic disorders in persons with short stature.

Normal variation in adult height is largely due to inherited genetic factors. But, by contrast, at the extreme of short stature, patients often have mutations (changes) in a single gene, resulting in large effects on height.

Genetics plays an important part in determining an individuals height. Although there are many monogenic disorders (inherited diseases controlled by a fault in a single gene) that lead to perturbations in growth and result in short stature, this study asserts the importance of a good clinical examination to enable correct diagnosis. We wanted to reiterate that amongst the armamentarium of genetic tests available, a clinical profile assessment enables a diagnosis in 65 per cent of patients with proportionate short stature, said Dr Ratna Dua Puri, chairperson of the Institute of Medical Genetics and Genomics at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital.

Among the patient who could be diagnosed based on clinical presentation, 94.3 per cent had Downs Syndrome as per the study. Of those who needed to undergo genetic screening, 63 per cent had proportionate short stature meaning the upper and lower body were equally, abnormally short. Of these, 65 per cent of the individuals had recognisable genetic syndromes such as Turner Syndrome (one of the X chromosomes is partially missing), Williams Syndrome (developmental disorder affecting many parts of the body), and RASopathies (a group of rare conditions caused by mutations in genes that make proteins that control cell function, cell maturation, and cell death).

Of the 37 per cent who had disproportionate short stature (either upper or lower part of the body is short), 45 per cent had Lysosomal Storage Disorder (a group of metabolic diseases that lead to the build-up of various toxic materials in the organs) and 44 per cent had Skeletal Dysplasias (a group of condition that affects bone development, neurological function, and cartilage growth).

Through this study, we have attempted to represent the genetic spectrum of disorders in children with short stature and the appropriate testing indications. This becomes more relevant with the increasing ability of the tests and decreasing costs. Achieving a definitive diagnosis can help to guide prognosis, provide treatment and genetic counselling to the families, said Dr Puri.

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Many with extremely short stature have genetic mutations, shows Delhi's Gangaram Hospital study - The Indian Express

For a study, researchers sought to determine how copy number variants (CNV) risk scores, common genetic variation quantified by polygenic scores (PGSs), and environmental variables interact to influence cognition and psychopathology in a community population.

The Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort is a community-based research project that looks at genetics, psychopathology, neurocognition, and neuroimaging. Participants were recruited through the pediatric network at Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia. From November 5, 2009, through December 30, 2011, participants with stable health and English fluency received genotypic and phenotypic characterization. The data were examined from January 1 to July 30, 2021.

The researchers looked at copy number variants (CNVs) risk scores derived from the burden, anticipated intolerance, gene dosage sensitivity models, PGSs from genomewide association studies associated with developmental outcomes, and environmental variables such as trauma exposure and neighborhood socioeconomic status. The Penn Computerized Neurocognitive Battery was used to assess neurocognition; structured interviews based on the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children were used to assess psychopathology, and magnetic resonance imaging was used to assess brain volume.

There were 9,498 juveniles aged 8 to 21 years in the study; 4,906 (51.7%) were female, and the mean (SD) age was 14.2 (3.7) years. After quality control, 7,101 unrelated subjects genotyped on Illumina arrays had 18,185 total CNVs bigger than 50 kilobases (10,517 deletions and 7,668 duplications). Elevated CNV risk scores were associated with lower overall accuracy on cognitive tests (standardized =0.12; 95% CI, 0.10-0.14; P=7.4110-26); lower accuracy across a variety of cognitive subdomains; increased overall psychopathology; increased psychosis-spectrum symptoms; and higher deviation from a normative developmental model of brain volume in these participants. When CNV risk ratings were integrated with PGSs and environmental variables, statistical models of developmental outcomes improved dramatically.

Elevated CNV risk scores were linked to worse cognitive ability, higher psychopathology, psychosis-spectrum symptoms, and more departures from normative magnetic resonance imaging models of brain development in this investigation. The findings offered an important step toward understanding clinically relevant outcomes in kids by combining uncommon genetic, common genetic, and environmental variables.

Reference: jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/2792406

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Relationship Between CNV Risk Scores and Common Genetic Variation Indexed by Polygenic Scores (PGSs) - Physician's Weekly

DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES

Postdoctoral researcher position in cell biology and genetics at the University of Cyprus

Title:Post-Doctoral ResearcherNo. of Positions:One (1)Category:One (1) year contract with possibility of extensionLocation:University of Cyprus, Nicosia

We are inviting applications for a postdoctoral researcher position to work with Yiorgos Apidianakis at the Infection and Cancer Laboratory in the Department of Biological Sciences at the University of Cyprus. The role will involve working on a Cyprus Research and Innovation Foundation (RIF) project.

Duties and Responsibilities

Work will involve research on live tissue cell imaging and fixed tissue immunohistochemistry and cell measurement analytics, as well as project management, manuscript preparation and dissemination of results.

Required Qualifications

Desirable skills

Location

Employment Terms

The position is for an initial 12 months, extendable up to 16 months, with a gross salary range of 2000 - 2666.67 per month. Employee contributions will be deducted from this above amount. The position does not include a 13th Salary bonus.

How to apply

Applications for these positions are due by September 15, 2022. Informal enquiries and applications, including a cover letter, CV and details of two referees, should be sent by email to:

Associate Professor Yiorgos Apidianakis,Infection and Cancer LaboratoryDepartment of Biological Sciences,|University of Cyprusapidiana@ucy.ac.cy

At least the best three candidates that satisfy the required qualifications, will be interviewed by a 3-member Committee.

Candidates shall be informed of the result of their application by the relevant entity.

The University of Cyprus shall collect and process your personal data according to the provisions of the General Regulation on Personal Data 2016/679 (EU).

The University of Cyprus (UCY) is committed to promoting inclusivity, diversity, and equality, as well as the elimination of all forms of discrimination in order to provide a fair, safe, and pleasant environment for the entire university community, where students and staff members will feel supported both in their professional and personal development, within and beyond their multiple identities. To this end, UCY seeks to create the necessary conditions that will encourage and respect diversity, and ensure dignity both in the workplace and society at large. Moreover, UCY has adopted specific policies to promote equal opportunities, as well as respect and understanding of diversity, while it is committed to promoting and maintaining a working, teaching, and learning environment, free from any form of discrimination, whether direct or indirect.

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Post-Doctoral Researcher, Cell biology and Genetics job with UNIVERSITY OF CYPRUS | 302227 - Times Higher Education

A Seoul National University Bundang Hospital (SNUBH) research team has discovered a new gene mutation related to the cause of autism for the first time worldwide through a large-scale genetics study of autistic patients and their families.

Autism is a developmental disorder characterized by repetitive behavior or narrowness of interest along with a lack of communication or social interaction, as shown in the popular drama "Extraordinary Attorney Woo." Typically, characteristic symptoms are revealed around the age of 2. Considering the brain develops quickly, early intervention is important.

Genes play a major role in the development of autism, but the specific genes and their role in early brain development have not been identified. Consequently, there are no treatments for autism symptoms, such as social deficits or communication disorders, but only medication to cure impulsivity or anxiety symptoms.

Professor Yoo Hee-jeong of the Neuropsychiatry Department at SNUBH conducted the joint study with Professors Lee Jeong-ho and Choi Jun-kyun of the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Institute of Basic Science Director Kim Eun-joon, and others to identify the genetic mutations that cause autism for the development of therapeutics.

The joint group focused on the brains non-coding region, a genomic region that accounts for more than 98 percent of the genomic data but was excluded from the study as it does not directly produce proteins. Researchers received blood from 813 people autism patients and their family members suitable for the study and analyzed the genome, produced human stem cells to reproduce prenatal neurons.

Results revealed that genetic mutations in the non-coding region affect brain development by remotely influencing distant genetic mutations through interactions in three-dimensional spaces in early stages of neurodevelopment.

This study changes the autistic research paradigm, which previously focused only on areas encoding existing proteins, and reveals new target genes to determine the root cause of autism. Professor Yoo said.

Yoo added that the team has identified the hidden secret of autism using data unique to Koreans' autism parties and families and are very grateful for the dedication of the participants in this study.

We will continue research to help improve the lives of autistic people and their families, Yoo said.

The study was published in the latest issue of the Molecular Psychiatry journal.

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Researchers find new genetic mutation causing autism through study of patients and families - KBR

Products derived from the cotton plant show up in many items that people use daily, including blue jeans, bedsheets, paper, candles, and peanut butter. In the United States, cotton is a $7 billion annual crop grown in 17 states from Virginia to Southern California. Today, however, its at risk.

Cotton plants from fields in India, China, and the U.S. the worlds top three producers grow, flower, and produce cotton fiber very similarly. Thats because they are genetically very similar.

This can be a good thing since breeders select the best-performing plants and cross-breed them to produce better cotton every generation. If one variety produces the best-quality fiber that sells for the best price, growers will plant that type exclusively. But after many years of this cycle, cultivated cotton all starts to look the same: high-yielding and easy for farmers to harvest using machines, but wildly underprepared to fight disease, drought, or insect-borne pathogens.

Breeding alone may not be enough to combat the low genetic diversity of the cultivated cotton genome, since breeding works with what exists, and what exists all looks the same. And genetic modification may not be a realistic option for creating cotton that is useful for farmers, because getting engineered crops approved is expensive and heavily regulated. My research focuses on possible solutions at the intersection of these tools.

In a perfect world, scientists could change just a few key components of the cotton genome to make plants more resilient to stresses such as pests, bacteria, fungi, and water limitations. And the plants would still produce high-quality cotton fiber.

Heres the background This strategy isnt new. Some 88 percent of the cotton grown in the U.S. has been genetically modified to resist caterpillar pests, which are expensive and hard to manage with traditional insecticides. But as new problems emerge, new solutions will be required that will demand more complex changes to the genome.

Recent advances in plant tissue culture and regeneration make it possible to develop a whole new plant from a few cells. Scientists can use good genes from other organisms to replace the defective ones in cotton, yielding cotton plants with all the resistance genes and all the agriculturally valuable genes.

The problem is that getting regulatory approval for a genetically modified crop to go to market is a long process, often 8 to 10 years. And its usually expensive.

Genetic modification isnt the only option. Researchers today have access to a gigantic amount of data about all living things. Scientists have sequenced the entire genomes of numerous organisms and have annotated many of these genomes to show where the genes and regulatory sequences are within them. Various sequence comparison tools allow scientists to line up one gene or genome against another and quickly determine where all the differences are.

Plants have very large genomes with lots of repetitive sequences, which makes them very challenging to unpack. However, a team of researchers changed the game for cotton genetics in 2020 by releasing five updated and annotated genomes two from cultivated species and three from wild species.

Having the wild genomes assembled makes it possible to start using their valuable genes to improve cultivated varieties of cotton by breeding them together and looking for those genes in the offspring. This approach combines traditional plant breeding with detailed insights into cottons genome.

We now know which genes we need to make cultivated cotton more resistant to disease and drought. And we also know where to avoid making changes to important agricultural genes.

Blue jeans never go out of style.Jena Ardell/Moment/Getty Images

These genomes also make it possible to develop new screening tools to characterize interspecific hybrids the offspring of two cotton plants from different species. Before this information was available, there were two primary forms of hybrid characterization. Both were based on single nucleotide polymorphisms, or SNPs differences between species in a single base pair, the individual building blocks that make up DNA. Even plants with small genomes have millions of base pairs.

SNPs work well if you know exactly where they are located in the genome, if there are no mutations that change the SNPs, and if there are plenty of them. While cotton has SNPs that have been identified and verified in specific regions of the genome, they are few and far between. So characterizing cotton hybrids by focusing exclusively on SNPs would result in incomplete information about those hybrids genetic composition.

These new genomes open the door for developing sequencing-based screening of hybrids, which is something Ive incorporated into my work. In this approach, scientists still use SNPs as a starting point, but they can also sequence the surrounding DNA. This helps to fill in gaps and sometimes discover new, previously undocumented SNPs.

Sequence-based screening helps scientists make more informed and robust maps of the genomes of hybrids. Determining which parts of the genome are from which parent can give breeders a better idea of which plants to cross together to subsequently create better, more productive cotton in every generation.

As the worlds population rises toward a projected 9.8 billion by 2050, demand for all agricultural products will also rise. But making cotton plants more productive is not the only goal of genetic improvement.

Climate change is raising average global temperatures, and some important cotton-producing regions like the U.S. Southwest are becoming drier. Cotton is already a crop accustomed to heat our research plots can thrive in temperatures as high as 102 degrees Fahrenheit (39 C) but one cotton plant requires about 10 gallons (38 liters) of water over the course of a four-month growing season to achieve its maximum yield potential.

Researchers have started to search for cultivated cotton that can tolerate drought at the seedling stage, and also in hybrid lines and genetically modified lines. Scientists are optimistic that they can develop plants that have higher drought resilience. Along with many other cotton breeders around the world, my goal is to create more sustainable and genetically diverse cotton so that this essential crop can thrive in a changing world.

This article was originally published on The Conversation by Serina Taluja at Texas A&M University. Read the original article here.

LEARN SOMETHING NEW EVERY DAY.

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Humans wear cotton every day now, the plant needs genetics' help to survive - Inverse

The video shows a discussion on genome-editing technique rather than an mRNA procedure. mRNA isnt even mentioned once in the entire video.

Context:

While the world continues to deal with the impact of COVID-19, misleading posts accompanying a 2.17 minutes-long video are doing the rounds over social media spreading misinformation about mRNA COVID-19 vaccines by linking them to a genome-editing technology. One such Facebook post is titled WEF video from 2015 discussing the ability of an mRNA medical procedure to permanently change the genetics of the subject and its offspring. Similar posts include a screengrab of the video and make references to COVID-19 vaccines. What do you think they were really doing with all these covid shots? further asked the post. Such posts aim to instill suspicion and fear in the viewers minds about the technology used in COVID-19 vaccines.

In fact:

The 2.17 minutes-long video being circulated on social media begins with the speaker stating, So this is a precision tool that now allows us to take this protein RNA complex and introduce it into cells or tissues.

It appears that the term RNA has been erroneously misinterpreted as mRNA. In addition, we found an extended version of the video,which is 5.25 minutes-long, on the World Economic Forums official YouTube channel, and the video does not mention mRNA even once.

In the video, University of California professor Jennifer Doudna discusses RNA therapies and DNA editing breakthroughs in 2015 at a World Economic Forum(WEF) event. The CRISPR-Cas9 co-discoverer Doudna describes how the technology can alter DNA and offers the possibility of curing human genetic disorders. Professor Doudna has won the 2020 Nobel Prize in Chemistry along with Professor Emmanuelle Charpentier for discovering the gene-editing technique (CRISPRCas9).In the video, she says that compared to what a word processor does for writing, the technique allows for modifying genomic code in living organisms. Doudna claims that they discovered Cas9, a protein that can be designed to split double-stranded DNA, repair breaks, and correct genetic mutations.

According to Medline Plus, CRISPR-Cas9 is an acronym for clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated protein 9. According to the National Human Genome Research Institute, the genome is the entire set of DNA instructions found in a cell. An individuals genome contains all the information needed for growth and function.

National Cancer Institute defines an mRNA as a particular form of RNA. mRNA molecules transfer the data from the DNA in the cells nucleus to the cytoplasm, where proteins are made. However, the CRISPR-Cas9 system involves guide RNA (gRNA). Furthermore, mRNA is not even mentioned in the original paper published on the subject in Science in 2012.

Medline Plus notes that ethical concerns are often raised when human genomes are edited using tools like CRISPR-Cas9. This DNA editing technology is being investigated for several diseases, including single-gene disorders, in research and clinical trials. Contrary to claims on social media, only particular tissues are affected by the modifications, which are not transferred from generation to generation unless the gene alterations are in the egg, sperm, or embryonic cells. Only in such cases, may the changes be passed on to succeeding generations.

Thus, it is evident that there is no relation between COVID-19 vaccines and genome editing technology as these two technologies are entirely different. Conspiracy theorists have constantly claimed that COVID-19 vaccines were meant to alter human DNA among other bogus claims. These false claims have been repeatedly debunked by Logically and other independent fact-checkers in the past.

The verdict:

The video is about DNA editing techniques and not an mRNA procedure. Some fallacious social media posts linking this technology to COVID-19 vaccines merely show a small portion of the entire video. The authorized mRNA COVID-19 vaccines do not use the gene editing method being explained in the video. Thus, we mark this claim misleading.

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Fact Check: A video from 2015 discusses the ability of an mRNA medical procedure to change the genetics of - The Paradise News