<< Previous Section | < Previous Page | Next Page > | Next Section >> Genetics and Stem Cell Research - Genetics
The principal special feature of genetics research is that the result of the study applies not only to the proband but also influences her lineage both in the past and in the future. For example genetic studies demonstrated Thomas Jefferson's sexual relationship with his slave Sally Hemings and defined their descendants to this day. As we all know from television, genetic studies can be done from any tissue fragment that contains DNA so that studies of surgical specimens, biopsy materials, hair, epithelium and blood samples can all be utilized for extensive genetic studies.
Some DNA is more medically valuable than other. Samples from isolated populations in which a particular disorder is prevalent have a much greater probability of yielding the causal gene(s) because they have fewer genome variations than in the general population. Once isolated, the genetic material associated with the disorder has a good chance of yielding novel diagnostic and/or therapeutic approaches for the disorder.
A persistent question is whether the providers of the genetic material have any rights to the products created from their genetic material. These days, most consent forms are written explicitly to exclude intellectual property rights from the subjects. As might be imagined, this smacks of exploitation in the developing world. Negotiation of a monetary return to the community has sometimes been concluded. Important and lucrative products have been derived from individuals' genomes without their receiving royalties or other compensation. However, the knowledge, technical expertise, and capital needed to make a useful product from a blood or tissue sample come from the company not the donor.
Truly informed consent remains a problem with research subjects from both developed and developing countries. The sample providers may not understand the implications of genetic research for their families and their community. They surely don't understand the many uses to which their genetic material may be applied. They may not be aware that their genes may be used for pharmacogenetics. They are not likely to be fully cognizant of the forensic uses to which their genetic material might be put as our privacy rights continue to be eroded. They are putting their trust in the research establishment and the regulatory controls effected by the IRB managing grant or contract. Contributors to repositories may not be fully aware of the fact that they are trusting scientifically-oriented review boards to determine how their genetic material will be used long into the future. While anonymization is of great help, in the future, the genome itself may serve to identify the person, especially if they are in more than one repository.
Informed consents for genetic studies using CLIA-approved tests are usually designed to give the subjects the option of finding out their susceptibilities or not. Subjects are told they will not get any feedback from tests that are in the developmental stages because the reliability of such tests is not known.
In developed countries they might not perceive possible implications for stigmatization and for health and life insurability. Lack of health insurability affects Americans the most because every other developed country has a national health program. In those countries genetic information about disease risks motivates the system to preventive measures. In the U.S., revealing genetic information may exclude individuals from health insurance or make them join undesirable assigned risk pools. Thus knowing her susceptibilities may put a burden on the patient/subject to reveal what could be considered to be a preexisting condition. In fact, the rapidly increasing availability and declining costs of genetic information represent among the strongest arguments for a comprehensive health insurance program in the U.S.
Patenting genetic material for development as medical tools raises the question of commoditization. Individuals from many countries but especially developing countries feel that their genome is an important component of their selves or souls. Just as some groups feel that they lose something if a photograph is taken of them, many feel that they may be compromised by genetic studies and the patenting of their individuality. In some environments, communities express the belief that there is no such thing as informed consent for genetic studies because the individual is speaking for his ancestors and descendants.
Chapter 7 Quick Links
Genetics and Stem Cell Research
Genetics
Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research
Bibliography
See the rest here:
Chapter 7 - Genetics and Stem Cell Research - Genetics
- Osmolarity - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics - December 24th, 2021
- Stell Cell Genetics | Stem Cell TV - September 10th, 2019
- Stell Cell Genetics | Stem Cell TV | Page 4 - September 10th, 2019
- Prof. Brian Catchpole - Our People - About - Royal ... - March 14th, 2019
- OMIM Entry - * 104311 - PRESENILIN 1; PSEN1 - March 8th, 2019
- Learn Zone - VetCompass - Royal Veterinary College, RVC - January 27th, 2019
- BRAIN PLASTICITY AND BEHAVIOR - Annual Review of ... - July 17th, 2016
- Salivary Gland Cancer Treatment - National Cancer Institute - July 17th, 2016
- Edward A. Stadtmauer, MD profile | PennMedicine.org - July 17th, 2016
- Dr Emille Reid | Physician | Kuils River | Cape Town - July 17th, 2016
- Publish and perish? - Sveriges Unga Akademi - July 17th, 2016
- Stem Cell Biology - mmrl.edu - July 17th, 2016
- Brendan M. Weiss, MD profile| PennMedicine.org - July 17th, 2016
- The Foundation Fighting Blindness Leadership - July 17th, 2016
- Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease: A Clinico-genetic Confrontation - July 17th, 2016
- Head and neck squamous cell carcinogenesis: Molecular and ... - July 17th, 2016
- What is a cell? - Genetics Home Reference - July 17th, 2016
- Changes in bacteriophage T7 virion structure at the ... - July 17th, 2016
- The CaV1.4 Calcium Channel Is a Critical Regulator of T ... - July 17th, 2016
- Dr Ad Meyer | Cosmetic and Reconstructive Dentist ... - July 17th, 2016
- Myopia Medications and Genetics - MYOPIA * Prevention - July 17th, 2016
- Home | Life Stem Genetics Inc. - November 2nd, 2015
- Prevalence and risk factors for mast cell tumours in dogs ... - October 24th, 2015
- Ethics of Stem Cell Research (Stanford Encyclopedia of ... - October 21st, 2015
- Myles Brown, MD - DF/HCC - October 16th, 2015
- Dr Izolda Heydenrych | Dermatologist | Cosmetic ... - October 2nd, 2015
- Knoepfler Lab Stem Cell Blog - September 5th, 2015
- Knoepfler Lab Stem Cell Blog | Building innovative ... - September 5th, 2015
- FDA : Stem Cell Cite - September 5th, 2015
- Word Information - an English dictionary about English ... - August 27th, 2015
- Stem Cell Safety - August 17th, 2015
- Therapeutic Cloning - Explore Stem Cells - August 17th, 2015
- Torben Bech-Hansen, PhD Department of Medical Genetics ... - August 7th, 2015
- Cedric Blanpain Lab - People - August 3rd, 2015
- Autologous mesenchymal stem cell therapy for progressive ... - August 3rd, 2015
- Feedback Loops by Helga Kolb Webvision - July 22nd, 2015
- JAX Mice Database - 005557 NOD.Cg-Prkdc Il2rg - July 22nd, 2015
- Reduction of Aeromonas hidrophyla biofilm on stainless ... - July 18th, 2015
- Stem Cells - Times Topics - June 3rd, 2015
- Stem Cells In Use - Learn Genetics - May 31st, 2015
- Genetic Engineering Advantages & Disadvantages Biology ... - May 31st, 2015
- Stell Cell Research Stem Cell Clinic - May 31st, 2015
- Embryonic stem cell - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - May 31st, 2015
- Stem Cell Clinic - May 29th, 2015
- Roles of Amacrine Cells by Helga Kolb Webvision - May 25th, 2015
- TOLweb: what is phylogeny? - Tree of Life Web Project - May 23rd, 2015
- Foundation Volume 3, Chapter 55. Molecular Genetic Basis ... - May 23rd, 2015
- Development of the retina and optic pathway - ScienceDirect - May 20th, 2015
- JAX Mice Database - 010636 NOD.Cg-B2m Prkdc - May 20th, 2015
- Arguments Against Embryonic Stem Cell Research - Stem ... - May 19th, 2015
- Department of Zoology, UBC - May 19th, 2015
- The Power of Stem Cells | California's Stem Cell Agency - May 19th, 2015
- Laryngeal Tumors: an overview - Atlas of Genetics and ... - May 19th, 2015
- NIAAA Publications - May 19th, 2015
- Bipolar Cell Pathways in the Vertebrate Retina by Ralph ... - May 19th, 2015
- [I-DNA Deer Placenta] Obama speech - Stem Cells research - - Video - April 8th, 2014
- Stem Cell Study Finds New Treatments For Breast Cancer - Video - February 21st, 2012
- Stem cells - treatable genetic diseases - Video - January 23rd, 2012
- 5 Minutes Bible Study - Stem Cell Research - Video - January 23rd, 2012
- Stem Cells terms - Revision help - Video - January 23rd, 2012
- Latest research worldwide that may benefit people with MS presented by Dr Elizabeth McDonald - Video - January 23rd, 2012
- Genetic Scientists create man-made monster ants - Monkey's from six different animal cells 01-08-12 - Video - January 23rd, 2012
- GVSU Genetics - stem cells - Video - January 5th, 2012
- Coast To Coast AM - 15.11.2011 - 1/4 - Regenerative Medicine/Dulce Base - Video - January 5th, 2012
- A Mississippi Victory as the Battle Over Stem Cell Research Rages on - Video - January 5th, 2012
- Human Cloning - how clones will be made, stem cells and future research funding - Video - January 5th, 2012
- TWO IDENTICALLY CLONED DOGS - GENETIC STEM CELL LABRATORY MADNESS - Video - January 5th, 2012
- Lisa A. Haile, Ph.D., on Patenting Embryonic Stem Cells - Video - January 5th, 2012
- Adult stem cell treatment, quality and testing - Video - January 5th, 2012
- 2011 Summit: Keynote, Evidence-based Development of Stem Cell Therapies, Lawrence Goldstein, PhD - Video - January 5th, 2012
- 8th World Stem Cell Summit Announcement - Video - January 5th, 2012
- RGI on ABC News - World's Largest Embryonic Stem Cell Lines Collection - Video - January 5th, 2012
- Human stem cells in mice - Video - January 2nd, 2012
- 2011 Summit: Stem Cells, Reprogramming and Personalized Medicine, Rudolf Jaenisch, MD - Video - January 1st, 2012
- 2011 World Stem Cell Summit Open Comments - January 1st, 2012
- neo genetics and stem cells - Video - December 31st, 2011
- MY BLOOD-SCIENCE ARISTOTLE REASON GENETICS STEM CELL CLONING NASA ALIEN BABY APOLLO 18 - Video - December 31st, 2011
- Genetic Skin Disease (EB): Spotlight on Stem Cell Research - Welcome - Video - December 31st, 2011
- iPS Stem Cell-Based Treatment of Epidermolysis Bullosa - Video - December 31st, 2011
- Genetic Skin Disease (EB): Spotlight on Stem Cell Research - Patient Advocate - Video - December 31st, 2011